Springer Handbook of Computational Intelligence

This is the first book covering the basics and the state of the art and important applications of the complete growing discipline of computational intelligence. This comprehensive handbook presents a unique synergy of various approaches and new qualities

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Handbook



Computational Intelligence Kacprzyk Pedrycz Editors

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Springer Handbook of Computational Intelligence

Springer Handbooks provide a concise compilation of approved key information on methods of research, general principles, and functional relationships in physical and applied sciences. The world’s leading experts in the fields of physics and engineering will be assigned by one or several renowned editors to write the chapters comprising each volume. The content is selected by these experts from Springer sources (books, journals, online content) and other systematic and approved recent publications of scientific and technical information. The volumes are designed to be useful as readable desk reference book to give a fast and comprehensive overview and easy retrieval of essential reliable key information, including tables, graphs, and bibliographies. References to extensive sources are provided.

Springer

Handbook of Computational Intelligence

Janusz Kacprzyk, Witold Pedrycz (Eds.) With 534 Figures and 115 Tables

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Editors Janusz Kacprzyk Polish Academy of Sciences Systems Research Inst. ul. Newelska 6 01-447 Warsaw, Poland [email protected] Witold Pedrycz University of Alberta Dep. Electrical and Computer Engineering 116 Street 9107 T6J 2V4, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada [email protected]

ISBN: 978-3-662-43504-5 e-ISBN: 978-3-662-43505-2 DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-43505-2 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number:

2015936335

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Production and typesetting: le-tex publishing services GmbH, Leipzig Senior Manager Springer Handbook: Dr. W. Skolaut, Heidelberg Typography and layout: schreiberVIS, Seeheim Illustrations: Hippmann GbR, Schwarzenbruck Cover design: eStudio Calamar Steinen, Barcelona Cover production: WMXDesign GmbH, Heidelberg Printing and binding: Printer Trento s.r.l., Trento Printed on acid free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

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Preface

We are honored and happy to be able to make available this Springer Handbook of Computational Intelligence, a large and comprehensive account of both the state-ofthe-art of the researc