Squamous suture obliteration: frequency and investigation of the associated skull morphology
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Squamous suture obliteration: frequency and investigation of the associated skull morphology Silviya Nikolova1 · Diana Toneva1 · Nikolai Lazarov2,3 Received: 19 June 2019 / Accepted: 16 June 2020 © Japanese Association of Anatomists 2020
Abstract This study aimed to investigate the frequency of squamous suture (SqS) obliteration, to estimate the involvement of the major calvarial sutures and those surrounding the temporal squama, and to inspect the neuro- and basicranium for deformities. A series of 211 dry skulls of contemporary adult males were macroscopically observed. The skulls with closed SqS were scanned using an industrial µCT system. Digital morphometry of the skulls with obliterated SqS was performed by recording the 3D coordinates of anatomic landmarks and calculation of linear distances, angles and indices. Obliteration of SqS was observed in 3 (1.42%) skulls. One skull showed bilateral SqS obliteration. The other two cases were unilateral, one right-sided and one left-sided. SqS obliteration seems to be co-ordinated with the closure of the parietomastoid suture, partially related to the closure of the occipitomastoid, sphenoparietal and sphenofrontal sutures, and independent from the closure of the sphenosquamosal suture and the major calvarial sutures. No severe disproportions in the skull configuration were observed in the three investigated cases. The major differences in the complimentary hemicrania concern the parietal and occipital parts of the skull vault. Dorsum sellae erosion, an indicator for raised intracranial pressure, was observed in all three cases. Keywords Cranial suture biology · Squamous suture · Industrial µCT imaging · Craniosynostosis · Skull morphology
Introduction The neurocranium, basicranium and splanchnocranium derive from distinct embryological regions but grow in a morphologically integrated manner through numerous developmental and functional interactions (Bastir et al. 2008; Lieberman et al. 2000; Marani and Heida 2018). The formation and development of the neurocranium is a complex process driven by the requirements of the growing brain. Brain accommodation requires an increase in cranial volume, which occurs by displacement of calvarial bones and * Silviya Nikolova [email protected] 1
Department of Anthropology and Anatomy, Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology With Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 25, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
2
Department of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
3
Department of Synaptic Signaling and Communications, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
bone deposition at the osteogenic fronts (Moss 1975). This process follows precise regulatory mechanisms with a feedback interaction between the ossifying bones, the sutures and the underlying dura mater (Cohen 1993; Moss 1975; Ogle et al. 2004). The calvarial sutures overlay the dural reflections and represent bands of fibrous connec
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