Stability of a Wind Farm with Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage
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Stability of a Wind Farm with Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage Anish P. Antony1 and David T. Shaw1 1
Department of Electrical Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, U.S.A. ABSTRACT Electric networks will experience deep changes due to the emergence of dispersed generation. Variability in power output is a characteristic of wind energy and increased penetration of wind power will present significant operational challenges in ensuring grid security and power quality. This paper addresses the integration of large wind farms into the grid through the beneficial role of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) systems. Although originally conceived as a load-leveling device for nuclear power plants, today’s utilityindustrial realities emphasize other applications of SMES in the development of wind energy. In the industrial section, concerns about power quality and stability have driven the development of a market for micro-SMES devices for power quality applications. The paper reviews the recent history of SMES, performs analysis in terms of the quantity of superconductor required and cost associated with both toroid and solenoid shaped coil using Bi-2223, YBCO and MgB2. The energy storage is optimized by properly designing the bandwidth of SMES. The ultimate aim of this paper is to influence the optimal design and configuration of SMES for land and offshore wind power generation and to propose a roadmap for the resolution of technical barriers related to the integration of wind energy to the electric grid. INTRODUCTION Fossil fuel power lends itself to a centralized power system requiring long supply lines to provide a constant supply of fuel and significant economies of scale in thermal energy production. Linking several generating stations together provided greater stability and reliability of the supply. Renewable energy is ubiquitous and has a modest economy of scale with smaller capital requirements. Thus renewable energy lends itself to a decentralized system of power generation and ownership. Current advances in power electronics with greater efficient switching devices, increased policies that promote renewable energy sources and the expansion of transmission grid are once again shifting the power industry to distributed generation. An electric grid working under regular operating conditions will have its generation balanced by demand with minimal deviation in grid frequency. The load in an electric system varies from minute to minute and hour to hour. Thus in order to improve the efficacy of the system, flexibility is important. Flexibility is defined as the ability of the system to deploy its resources to respond to changes in net load, where net load is the remaining system demand not served by variable generation [1]. Without introducing renewables (wind and solar) the system has to be flexible and with the addition of renewables the system has to be even more flexible.
WIND GENERATION – GRID INTEGRATION PROBLEMS Wind curtailment is defined as the available w
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