Standardization of ELISA for anti-chikungunya-IgG antibodies and age-stratified prevalence of anti-chikungunya-IgG antib
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Standardization of ELISA for anti-chikungunya-IgG antibodies and age-stratified prevalence of anti-chikungunya-IgG antibodies in Pune, India Harshad P. Patil 1 & Prajakta S. Rane 1 & Mrunal Gosavi 1 & Akhilesh C. Mishra 1 & Vidya A. Arankalle 1 Received: 13 January 2020 / Accepted: 24 May 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Chikungunya (CHIKV) reemerged in India after a gap of 32 years, in 2005–2006 and has established endemicity in Pune. To assess the degree of CHIKV exposure, we estimated age-stratified prevalence of IgG antibodies to CHIKV in Pune population. This retrospective study utilized age-stratified serum samples collected from 15 wards of Pune in 2017 for dengue (DENV) virus study. Indirect anti-CHIKV-IgG ELISA was developed and used to test 1904 samples. Exposure to CHIKV and DENV was compared in the same population. CHIKV-specific plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) was employed to evaluate ELISA positivity and neutralizing potential of anti-CHIKV-IgG antibodies. Indirect ELISA showed 98.5% concordance with commercial ELISA. Seropositivity to CHIKV was 46.4%, one-third children < 15 years being antibody positive. A significant increase (45%, p = 0.026–0.038) was noted at 16-25 years and varied between 48 and 56% until the age 65. In elderly (65 + years), antibody positivity was reduced (41%, p = 0.01). In children, CHIKV-PRNT50 titers increased with age and remained comparable from the age group 11-15 until > 65. Exposure to DENV was higher than CHIKV. Lower exposure of children and elderly could be due to lesser exposure to the vectors. High prevalence of IgG antibodies needs to be addressed while planning vaccine studies for CHIKV. Keywords Chikungunya (CHIKV) . Dengue (DENV) . ELISA . PRNT50 titers
Introduction CHIKV was first documented in India in 1963 [1] following which several outbreaks were recorded until 1973 [2]. Later, after a gap of 32 years, reemergence of the disease was recorded in October 2005 in the states of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Maharashtra [3]. Overall, 1.39 million people were estimated to suffer from clinical disease (www.nvbdcp. gov.in). Thereafter, continued CHIKV activity was recorded in different parts of India [4–6]. Multicentric studies conducted during 2008–2010 documented that despite high DENV activity, CHIKV was rare in north India [6]. Notably, large number of cases were reported during 2016– 2018 from north, north-east, and eastern India as well [7].
* Vidya A. Arankalle [email protected] 1
Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Katraj-Dhankawadi, Pune 411043, India
Though CHIKV activity was related to monsoon, sporadic cases were reported throughout the year. As on November 2018, India reports 8499 confirmed cases of CHIKV (www. nvbdcp.gov.in) which is a gross underestimate. CHIKV diagnosis depends on the detection virus/viral RNA during early acute phase (5-day post-onset of symptoms) o
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