Starting from Home: Development of a Sustainable Parenting Education Program for Caregivers with Young Children in Rural
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Starting from Home: Development of a Sustainable Parenting Education Program for Caregivers with Young Children in Rural Malawi Hyun Jeong Kim1 · Boram Lee2 · Hye Jun Park1 · Suh Yoon Choi3 · Yaeeun Han4 Accepted: 12 October 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The purpose of this study was to design a community-based, needs-sensitive, and culturally appropriate parenting education program that is effective for rural Malawian caregivers. With the use of the five-stage model, qualitative methods and procedures were used for developing the program. The presented program emphasized securing sustainability and community empowerment by listening to the voices of Malawian mothers, community leaders, and Malawian facilitators who are also parents. In order to ensure the cultural appropriateness and feasibility of the program, contents were provided in both English and Chichewa, and utilized Malawian folklore, well-known Malawian songs, and children’s play during the home visit sessions. In the process of developing and implementing the parenting education program, Malawian caregivers’ prior knowledge, cultural assets, needs and wants were honored and actively reflected, in order to make the program locally relevant and meaningful. Keywords Parenting education program · Community-based program · Need-sensitive program · Culturally appropriate program · Sustainability
Introduction
* Boram Lee [email protected] Hyun Jeong Kim [email protected] Hye Jun Park [email protected] Suh Yoon Choi [email protected] Yaeeun Han [email protected] 1
Department of Child Development and Family Studies, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Gwanak‑gu Gwanak‑ro 1, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
2
Department of Family Welfare, College of Social Sciences, Daegu University, Jillyang‑eup Daegudae‑ro 201, Gyeongsan 38453, Republic of Korea
3
Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7‑3‑1, Hongo, Bunkyo‑ku, Tokyo 113‑0033, Japan
4
Institute for Emerging Market Studies, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
Early childhood is an important period, as it lays the foundation for lifelong development. With quality care from caregivers, children can flourish in a safe and caring environment, which helps maximize their potential for growth and future learning. Research has shown that although responsive care and nurturing from primary caregivers serve as protective factors during the early years, risk factors can negatively affect the quality of caregiving. Previous research has indicated that socioeconomic drivers such as poverty, low maternal education, and poor home stimulation environment are important determinants of poor child development (Camargo-Figuera et al. 2004; Barros et al. 2010). For those raising children in difficult caregiving situations, the inability to respond sensitively to the needs of the child is a barrier of the challenging context, not a shortcoming of the caregiver. This indicates that appropriate caregiver support is especi
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