Statistical analysis of operating variables for pseudo-emulsion hollow fiber strip dispersion technique: ethylparaben se
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Statistical analysis of operating variables for pseudo‑emulsion hollow fiber strip dispersion technique: ethylparaben separation from aqueous feed stream Himanshu P. Kohli1 · Smita Gupta1 · Mousumi Chakraborty1 Received: 4 May 2020 / Accepted: 11 August 2020 © Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences 2020
Abstract Ethylparaben (EP) is a member of parabens family which are the esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid possessing anti-microbial and anti-fungal properties. But studies have pointed towards their endocrine disrupting prospective. Their large consumption as preservatives have made it possible for them to enter in the aquatic streams. In spite of their considerable removal in wastewater treatment plants, parabens are still detected in extremely small amounts in aqueous streams which could be harmful to the aquatic life. EP exists in the range of 0.3–1600 ng/L in aquatic streams like river water, influent and effluent of wastewater treatment plant. So comprehensive investigation were carried out using pseudo-emulsion hollow fiber strip dispersion (PEHFSD) technique with pseudo-emulsion consisting of trioctylamine (carrier), n-heptane (solvent) and sodium carbonate (stripping phase) for the removal of EP from aqueous solution. In this study, emphasis has been given to the use of full factorial design for the optimization of several operational variables like concentration of feed, carrier and stripping phase for EP removal. Statistical analysis of variance was examined to find out the importance of every factor. Interaction plot was used to study the interdependence between the factors and their combined influence on the %extraction of EP. Contour plots provided the optimum concentration range for the maximum EP extraction and 100% removal was achieved by PEHFSD technique at optimum conditions. The mass transfer coefficients were evaluated at optimal conditions.
* Smita Gupta [email protected] * Mousumi Chakraborty [email protected] 1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat 395007, India
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Chemical Papers
Graphical abstract
Keywords Ethylparaben removal · Pseudo-emulsion hollow fiber strip dispersion technique · Full factorial design · Analysis of variance
Introduction Parabens are the esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid with an alkyl group ranging from methyl to benzyl with antimicrobial and anti-fungal characteristics. They are widely used as preservatives in food, pharmaceutical and personal care (Haman et al. 2015). But different studies have pointed towards their endocrine disrupting potential which affects the functioning of nervous system, immune system, thyroid, glucose levels (Błedzka et al. 2014), male fertility and human breast tumor tissues (Chin et al. 2010). Large consumption of parabens as antimicrobials have attributed to their continuous entry in the environment. Parabens are detected in aquatic streams (wastewater, surface water, marine water, sediments and bi
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