An Optimal Design for Decreasing Dispersion in Photonic Crystal Fiber
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
An Optimal Design for Decreasing Dispersion in Photonic Crystal Fiber Elham Khoobjou1 · Hassan Khalesi1 · Vahid Ghods2 Received: 15 December 2019 / Revised: 14 June 2020 / Accepted: 18 August 2020 © The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2020
Abstract Fiber optic transmission systems are friendly data transmission systems environmentally due to their low losses, high bandwidth and acceptable reliability. Therefore, they are often used for communication infrastructures. However, the effects of optical loss and dispersion can cause problems in fiber optic communications. In this paper, we mitigate these effects by using photonic crystals. The goal is to minimise the dispersion of the fibers by changing the photonic crystal fiber parameters. Specifically, we change the number, radius, and shape of the holes to minimise dispersion. A new photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is proposed with hexagonal grids of air holes and 11 layers in this structure. An optimal holes number, radius and distance between holes are used to obtain the least dispersion. Next, we use several elliptical and stellar holes to reduce dispersion. The germanium impurity is exploited in the PCF core as a defect. The addition of germanium impurity to the core causes the doping atoms reflect a stronger optical signal with the same attenuated input signal properties. The simulation results show that dispersion value is zero in three points at wavelengths between 1.48 and 1.55 μm. In this wavelength range, the dispersion value was obtained between − 0.3 and 0.6 ps/(nm km). Keywords Optical fiber · Loss · Dispersion · Photonic crystal fiber (PCF) · Germanium impurity
1 Introduction Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) are a new class of optical fiber designed based on the properties of photonic crystals. PCF is widely used in new technologies. In [1], a compact MEMS antenna based on photonic crystal structure is presented. By applying PCF, three dimensional MEMS antenna are fabricated. Optical fibers have several characteristics that make them a perfect transmission media for short and long distances [2]. Recent research shows that a PCF structure with air holes can reduce micro-bending losses [3]. PCFs are considered not only for fiber-optic devices but also they are employed as optical transmission media for * Hassan Khalesi h.khalesi@iau‑garmsar.ac.ir * Vahid Ghods [email protected] Elham Khoobjou [email protected] 1
Department of Electronic Engineering, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran
Department of Electronic Engineering, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran
2
high-capacity photonic networks. PCFs have specific components that are referred to as micro-structure fibers [4]. PCFs can be categorised into two general forms. The first form is index-guiding PCFs, which direct light through a series of internal reflections between the core and the region with a metal cover and multiple air cavities. The second form is index-guiding PCF that utilises periodic structures to reveal i
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