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DOI 10.1007/s12206-020-0715-1

Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 34 (8) 2020 Original Article DOI 10.1007/s12206-020-0715-1 Keywords: · Copper-based shape memory alloy · Densification · Hardness · Spark plasma sintering

Study on the densification behaviour of copper with aluminum & nickel powders through spark plasma sintering Thiruppathi K, Raj Mohan R and Raghuraman S School of Mechanical Engineering, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613401, India

Correspondence to: K. Thiruppathi [email protected]

Citation: Thiruppathi, K., Raj Mohan, R., Raghuraman, S. (2020). Study on the densification behaviour of copper with aluminum & nickel powders through spark plasma sintering. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 34 (8) (2020) ?~?. http://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-020-0715-1

Received January 4th, 2020 Revised

May 13th, 2020

Accepted May 24th, 2020 † Recommended by Editor Chongdu Cho

© The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract Powder metallurgy is a powder-based manufacturing process of producing new materials with desired properties. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) is one of the effective densification processes in powder metallurgy to produce the powder compacts at a reasonable cost by simultaneous application of pressure and heat. The principal aim of this research work was to create a high-density copper-based shape memory alloy using a ball milling with spark plasma sintering and to analyze the density and hardness of the powder compacts. Three elemental metal powders, namely copper (84 %), aluminum (12 %), and nickel (4 %), were taken in producing the powder compacts. The microstructure of the compacted specimen was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The density and hardness of the powder compacts were determined using appropriate tests, and the results were compared with the conventional sintering process. The outcomes indicate that the density and hardness of the powder compacts were improved in the spark plasma sintering.

1. Introduction Powder metallurgy is a growing cost-effective technology to produce high-density alloys with uniform microstructures. The quality and manufacturing cost of the product are two important factors to decide the growth of an industry. Both are adequately controlled in the powder metallurgy technique [1]. Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are metallic alloys that can recover from the deformation when heated. Currently, SMAs are widely used in automobiles, aircraft, robotics, and biomedical industries. Cu-Al-Ni and Cu-Zn-Al alloys are two common copper-based SMAs that are used to produce the sensors, actuators, and high damping materials. Copper-based SMAs are prepared using various routes such as casting, powder metallurgy, rapid solidification processing, and spray casting. Among these fabrication methods, the powder metallurgy route is the best choice to produce high-density copper-based SMAs [2]. Cu-Al-Ni alloys are used for high-temperature applications due to their high t