Subsurface object detection and characterization using Ground Penetrating Radar
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TECHNICAL PAPER
Subsurface object detection and characterization using Ground Penetrating Radar Divya Priya Balasubramani1 · Venkatachalam Gopalakrishnan2 Received: 13 May 2020 / Accepted: 6 August 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Subsurface characterization and information about buried utility infrastructure is an important issue affecting the public safety and progress of development projects. A heterogeneous subsurface environment is often insufficiently characterized by the data collected through various direct and indirect means, particularly in dense urban areas. The present study aims to detect the subsurface objects and map the stratigraphic environment in a city region using a non-invasive geophysical technique called Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). In this study, antennas of central frequency 200 and 80 MHz have been used to identify the underground utilities and subsurface layer information, respectively. A methodology based on a geometrical approach using Support Vector Machines (SVM) is developed for computing the depth and radius of buried pipes. Also, the electrical discontinuities in the GPR profiles are identified through various processing techniques to extract the subsurface layer information. The results indicate that the 200-MHz antenna and SVM-based methodology estimate the buried pipe parameters with reasonable accuracy at various site combinations. It is found that the bistatic low-frequency 80-MHz antenna suitably characterizes the subsurface layers, which are in close agreement with the borehole data. The processed data illustrate a strong correlation between the radar signals and the characteristics of the strata resolving the uncertainty. The study highlights the capability of GPR in extracting the subsurface data and recommends a multi-frequency approach to map and interpret the complete subsurface environment at a specific site. Keywords GPR · Buried pipes · SVM · Subsurface characterization
Introduction Rapid urbanization and population growth around the world will increase by more than 2.5 billion new urban residents by 2050, mainly in developing countries. The increased developmental activities in the urban areas and requirement of the city space raise demands for a complete description of subsurface information and proper utilization of underground space for public infrastructure facilities such as utility networks and transport facilities. Besides, subsurface characterization and information about the buried utility infrastructure play a vital role in the successful and safe completion * Divya Priya Balasubramani [email protected] 1
School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
Department of Civil Engineering, Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management and Engineering, Mumbai 400 056, India
2
of developmental projects. Moreover, various researchers have reported the failed excavation processes causing severe damage to the transport infrastructure, interruption in utility services, severe ac
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