Sulphamic acid: potential single crystal for nonlinear optical applications
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Sulphamic acid: potential single crystal for nonlinear optical applications Ravinder Kumar1,2 · N. Vijayan2 · Naghma Khan1,2 · Sonia1,2 · Manju Kumari1,2 · Mukesh Jewariya2 · Ritu Srivastava2 Received: 21 May 2020 / Accepted: 9 July 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A bulk-sized single crystal of sulphamic acid (SA) was grown by the solution growth technique. The lattice dimensions and the plane’s identification of the grown crystal were confirmed with powder X-ray diffraction. High-resolution X-ray diffraction was employed to observe crystalline perfection that was found fairly good. The optical transmission studies reveal its suitability for optical applications in the complete UV–visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Bandgap calculations and other optical parameters like absorption and extinction coefficient were calculated to scrutinize its optical characteristics. The photoluminescence emission spectrum was recorded for the corresponding excitation wavelength to reveal the crystal behavior and energy gap transitions. The presence of the titled compound was examined through FTIR spectroscopy. Ellipsometry study was also carried out for the measurement of linear refractive index (n) and also for the extinction coefficient (K). Z-scan studies have been examined to reveal third-order nonlinear optical behavior and calculated the value of its nonlinear absorption coefficient (β). The Terahertz response of the grown crystal was analyzed by the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Observed results showed that SA crystal is a good aspirant for NLO applications.
1 Introduction Nonlinear optical (NLO) single crystals are currently responsible for extended applications of solid-state lasers that extend their wavelengths by cascading frequency conversion [1, 2]. Different areas of technology, viz. data exchange, medical treatment, and material processing depend on the coherent ability of these lasers to generate different wavelength [3, 4]. Therefore, these materials play a vital role in replacing traditional electronics with their optical analogs like amplifiers, modulators, rectifiers, and switches for applications in optoelectronics and photonics [5–8]. Sulphamic acid (SA) having formula H 3NSO3 is a compound having other properties like odorless, nonhygroscopic, nonvolatile, and white crystalline powder with phenomenal piezoelectric and nonlinear optical (NLO) behavior [9, 10]. SA has a catalytic appearance and having zwitterionic characteristics, which make it exceptional from normal acidic catalysts * N. Vijayan [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR – HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
2
[11, 12]. The NLO activity comes in inorganic materials due to ionic bonding, whereas in the organic materials, it is because of the existence of the conjugated π-electron system. These organic molecules co
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