Graphene Injected D-Shape Photonic Crystal Fiber for Nonlinear Optical Applications
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Graphene Injected D-Shape Photonic Crystal Fiber for Nonlinear Optical Applications S. K. Tanzir Mehedi 1 & Abdullah Al Mamun Shamim 1 & Bikash Kumar Paul 1,2,3 & Kawsar Ahmed 1,2 Received: 6 August 2019 / Accepted: 7 November 2019 # Springer Nature B.V. 2019
Abstract Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) may be considered an affiliate of a most ordinary class of microstructured optical fibers (MOFs) with a repeated layout of different refractive index material. A D-shape PCF is introduced in this paper to achieve high nonlinearity (γ), low confinement loss (Lc), low scattering loss (αR), and high numerical aperture (NA) by selecting finite element method (FEM) for 100 nm – 700 nm wavelength and physics-controlled triangular extra fine mesh which size of elements is 5174 by comprehensive simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics. From the structure, an outstanding performance profile is created which contains high nonlinearity of 6.01 × 1013 W−1 Km−1, low scattering loss of 1.01 × 10−5 [dB m−1], low confinement loss of 1.39 × 10−11 [dB m−1], and high numerical aperture of 0.87 where the effective mode area of the core is 1.15 × 10−14 m2 at the functional wavelength of 150 nm. To exhibit this performance profile, in this simulation, silica is used as background material and graphene as core material. The performance profile is highly preferable for optical communication in biomedical imaging, and other nonlinear applications. Hence, D-shape photonic crystal fiber (D-PCF) is a better alternative to other optical fibers for these applications. Keywords D-shape PCF . Nonlinearity . Numerical aperture . Scattering loss . Loss profile . Finite element method
1 Introduction The microstructure optical fibers (MOFs) are nothing but a proficient illusionist; simultaneously it is providing the field of optics with astonishments. In recent years, microstructure optical fibers (MOFs) have received tremendous attention to providing high nonlinearity, little effective mode areas, high sensitivity, low confinement losses, and low scattering losses [1]. PCF is the most expected sphere among all the microstructured optical fibers (MOFs). PCFs are used in supercontinuum generation, optical communications, various
* Kawsar Ahmed [email protected] 1
Department of Information and Communication Technology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
2
Bio-photomatiχ Group, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
3
Department of Software Engineering, Daffodil International University, Sukrabad, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
signal processing, sensing systems, broadband dispersion controlling, and so on for its special properties [2]. It is also used in some surprising infliction such as all-optical gates such ascomplementary (NOT gate), min-term (AND gate), max-term (OR gate) [3], optical de-multiplexer [4], all-optical switch [5] and so on. Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) have many properties where nonlinearity is one of the mo
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