Supercontinuum generation in PCF with As 2 S 3 /Ge 20 Sb 15 Se 65 Chalcogenide core pumped at third telecommunication wa
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Supercontinuum generation in PCF with As2S3/Ge20Sb15Se65 Chalcogenide core pumped at third telecommunication wavelengths for WDM Alireza Cheshmberah1 · Mahmood Seifouri2 · Saeed Olyaee1 Received: 28 August 2020 / Accepted: 27 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Chalcogenide-based photonic crystal fibers (PCFs), due to their nonlinear properties, are capable of producing supercontinuum spectra, which can be used in the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). These types of fibers highly absorb telecommunication wavelengths and hence cannot be used to transmit information over the corresponding wavelengths. We have studied the dispersion engineered chalcogenide PCF numerically, which is important to produce ultra-flat broadband supercontinuum (SC) spectra in all-normal dispersion areas. A 1 mm long, hexagonal chalcogenide PCF made from As2S3/Ge20Sb15Se65 and silica glass pumped at 1550 nm provided a SC bandwidth of 5000 nm with pump power of 1 kW. Here, we have reached zero-dispersion wavelength (ZDW) at third telecommunication window, which in turn has given us a broad spectrum at this window with reasonable efficiency. Keywords Supercontinuum generation · Nonlinear optics · Chalcogenide · Photonic crystal fiber · Dispersion
1 Introduction Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) are new structures of light waveguides that have attracted the attention of researchers in recent years (Selim et al. 2011; Arman and Olyaee 2020; Mohebzadeh-Bahabady and Olyaee 2020). They can be divided into two groups namely hollow core and solid core PCFs. Hollow-core PCF, since the light passes primarily in the hollow core, has the greatest potential for extremely low loss (Russell 2003). More recently, because of their unique advantages and features, fibers have been suggested by researchers for variety of applications including, sensor design, all-optical device design for optical telecommunications, and military equipments. The advantages of these fibers
* Saeed Olyaee [email protected] 1
Nano‑photonics and Optoelectronics Research Laboratory (NORLab), Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
2
Photonic Devices Research Lab, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
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include the simplicity of dispersion engineering and the control of nonlinear parameters over the desired wavelength range. One of the applications of these fibers is to produce a supercontinuum spectrum. The supercontinuum spectrum is a broadband coherent spectrum that will be generated by injecting a high power and short input pulse to a nonlinear environment (Wang et al. 2018). Generating a supercontinuum spectrum based on photonic crystal fiber requires tailoring of dispersion profile and enhancing of nonlinear parameters. One of these methods is to create an alternating coating structure on PCFs. The next method is to create uneven rows of air holes while having the same lattice constant ratio. The ratio of the
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