Supporting Privacy, Trust, and Personalization in Online Learning
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Supporting Privacy, Trust, and Personalization in Online Learning Mohd Anwar1 Accepted: 1 September 2020 © International Artificial Intelligence in Education Society 2020
Abstract Privacy is a rather murky concept, but the absence of privacy is clearly felt in today’s digital world. With the significant increase in surveillance power of software and hardware, storage capacity, computing power as well as advancement in data science technologies, the threat to privacy is ever increasing. Within the digital realm, privacy has been studied in different platforms, contexts, and environments. In this capacity, Professor Jim Greer is one of the pioneering thought leaders to study privacy in online learning environment. Additionally, strongly related to privacy, trust and personalization are two important components of online learning. This article reflects on Greer’s contributions to grapple with the following questions: (1) To what extent are privacy, trust, and personalization desired in online learning? (2) How can privacy, trust, and personalization be supported in online learning? In this vein, we study three theories (i.e., limitation theory, control theory, and contextual integrity theory) and different mechanisms (e.g., privacy preferences, identity management, contextual information flow) for privacy. Additionally, this article discusses the ways to achieve trust and personalization without compromising privacy. Keywords Privacy · Online learning · Privacy preferences · Information flow · Trust · Context · Identity management · Personalization
This article belongs to the Topical Collection: A festschrift in honour of Jim Greer Guest Editors: Gord McCalla and Julita Vassileva Mohd Anwar
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Secure and Usable Social Media & Networks Lab, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
Introduction Privacy preserves human dignity, provides autonomy, and lowers barriers to communication. Privacy is at risk of erosion when our online activities create a trove of information that can easily be captured, stored, and disseminated at scale through technological means. This risk permeates every facet of online activity, and online learning is no exception. Professor Jim Greer was one of the earliest thought leaders to be concerned about privacy in online learning as well as information privacy in general (Anwar and Greer 2006, 2008a, b, 2009, 2011, 2012; Kettel et al. 2004; Richardson 2005; Anwar et al. 2006; Anwar 2008). The global e-learning market will reach $325 billion by 2025 (McCue 2018). While 77% of online companies used online learning in 2017 to speed up employees’ training, 49% of students have taken an online course in last 12 months in 2015 (Chernev 2019). From identity credentials to learning activities to transcripts, everything is stored online in the cloud. As a result, online learning environments have become prospective targets of data leakage attacks and the consequence of privacy breaches in online learning is qu
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