Surface Modification of NiO Nanoparticles for Highly Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Based on All-Inorganic Charge Transfe
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-020-08403-4 Ó 2020 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
Surface Modification of NiO Nanoparticles for Highly Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Based on All-Inorganic Charge Transfer Layers QINYUAN QIU,1 JUNPENG MOU,1 JIAN SONG and YINGHUAI QIANG1,5
,1,2,3,4
1.—The Jiangsu Province Engineering Laboratory of High Efficient Energy Storage Technology and Equipments, School of Materials and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China. 2.—School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China. 3.—Jiangsu Huaheng New Energy Company, Xuzhou 221000, China. 4.—e-mail: [email protected]. 5.—e-mail: [email protected]
In the conventional n-i-p structure of perovskite solar cell (PSC), spiro-OMeTAD is used as the hole transport layer. However, some additives in spiroOMeTAD, such as LiTFSI and TBP, can bring risks for perovskite degradation. Nickel oxide (NiO), a wide-band gap (3.6–4.0 eV) p-type semiconductor material with excellent electrical and optical properties, is widely applied in the PSCs and other fields. Given the suitable valence and conduction bands, NiO can effectively block electrons and transport holes, which are generated in the perovskite film after illumination. However, depositing a compact and thin NiO layer on the perovskite film is difficult because of the heat and solvent sensitivity of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite. Here, we propose a facile method to prepare well-dissolved NiO nanoparticles in chlorobenzene, and the NiO film on perovskite is further modified by oxygen plasma or hexanethiol treatment to enhance the hole conductivity. Finally, we obtain a n-i-p structured PSC on the basis of all-inorganic charge transport layer with an efficiency of 4.21% using the prepared NiO film, and the value is further improved to 6.10% after oxygen plasma post-treatment. Moreover, the working stability is enhanced remarkably as the spiro-OMeTAD is replaced by NiO film, which is important for the application of PSCs. Key words: Perovskite solar cells, NiO, surface modification, hole transporting layer, n-i-p structure
INTRODUCTION In recent years, organic–inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskite has attracted intensive attention because of its outstanding photoelectric properties, such as high light absorption coefficient, long carrier diffusion length, high carrier mobility, and high quantum yield.1–7 The peak power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has
(Received June 18, 2020; accepted August 6, 2020)
increased rapidly to 25.2% in the past 10 years, making them good candidates for high-efficiency solar cells.8 However, the device is easily decomposed under humidity because of the composition and structure characteristics of the perovskite materials. Therefore, the long-term stability of the device is still a major challenge to its commercialization.9–11 In addition to the humidity sensitivity of the perovskite materials, other components of the
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