Surface Plasmon Resonance Based Sensors
Over the last two decades, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors have attracted a great deal of attention. This volume of Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors provides a comprehensive treatment of the field of SPR sensors. The book is divi
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SMC Protein Complexes and the Maintenance of Chromosome Integrity K .YOKOMORI
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.1 2.2
2.3 2.4 2.5
3 3.1 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.3 3.4 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.5 3.6 3.7 4
4.1 4.2 4.2.1 4.2.2
General Features of SMC Proteins and SMC-Containing Complexes SMC Protein Structure Major SMC-Containing Complexes in Eukaryotes: Condensin and Cohesin Functionally Specialized SMC Family Proteins/SMC-Contain ing Complexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ATPase Activ ity of SMC Complexes DNA Bind ing of SMC Complexes
. . .
Role of Condensin in Mitotic and Interphase Chromatin Organization Condensin Is Required for Mitotic Chromosome Condensation . . Regulation of Condensin During the Cell Cycle Cell Cycle-Regulated Condensin Subcellular Locali zation . Nuclear Condensin Foci in Reinitiation of Condensation .
K.YOKOMORI
e-mail: [email protected]
J.L. Workman (ed.), Protein Complexes that Modify Chromatin © Springer- Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003
81 81 83
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Role of Cohesin in Sister Chromatid Cohesion, Spindle Organization, and DNA Repai r . Cohesin Is Required for the Establishment of Cohe sion During S Phase . . Role of Cohesin During Metaphase Yeast Cohesin in Metaphase Vertebrate Cohesin in Metaphase . . . . . . Chromosome Arm Cohesion During Metaphase Mechanism of Coh esin Binding to Chromosomes . . . . . . . . . . . . Role of Cohesin in Kinetochore Function Effects of Cohe sin on Bipolar Attachment of Spindles to Kinetochores . hSMCI at Kinetochores Coh esin at Spindle Poles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cohesin Binding to the Nuclear Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cohesin Function in the DNA Damage Response .
Department of Biological Chemistry, 240D Med. Sci. I, College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1700, USA
80
84 85 86 87
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87 87 87 89 90 91 93 93 94
95 96 97
99 99 100 100
101
80
K .YOKOMORI
4.3 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3
Mechanism of Chrom osom e Targeting of Condensin . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Direct Binding of Cond ensin to Chromatin 102 Mitotic Chromosome Targ eting of Condensin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 103 Interphase Condensi n Bind ing to Chromat in
5
Concluding Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Referen ces
105
Abstract. Structural maintenance of ~hromosomes (SMC) family proteins have attracted much attention for their unique protein structure and critical roles in mitotic chromosome organization. Elegant genetic and biochemical studies in yeast and Xenopus identified two different SMC heterodimers in two conserved multiprotein complexes termed 'condens in' and 'cohesin', These complexes are required for mitotic chromosome condensation and sister chromatid cohesion, respectively, both of which are prerequisite to accurate segregation of chromosomes. Although structurally similar, the SMC proteins in condensin and cohesin appear to have distinct functions, whose specificity and cell cycle regulation are criticall
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