Surface spraying of anthocyanin through antioxidant defense and subcellular sequestration to decrease Cd accumulation in
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Surface spraying of anthocyanin through antioxidant defense and subcellular sequestration to decrease Cd accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) grains in a lead–zinc mine area Yazhu Mi . Kun Tong . Guangsen Zhu . Xu Zhang . Xiaohong Liu . Youbin Si
Received: 19 December 2019 / Accepted: 25 October 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract As an important class of flavonoids, anthocyanin has been used to enhance plant-defensive mechanisms against heavy metal stress. However, there are few available reports regarding surface spraying of anthocyanin for reduction of Cd poisoning in rice and its practical applications in paddy fields. After rice growing, measurements were taken of rice growth, pigments, the antioxidant system, thiol compounds, and distribution of Cd in rice tissues. The results showed that surface spraying anthocyanin could promote rice growth, and relative to the control, total chlorophyll significantly increased by 22.62% after surface spraying of 7.5 g L-1 anthocyanin. Simultaneously, Cd accumulation in rice grains was 0.17 ± 0.02 mg kg-1, which was significantly decreased by 46.88% relative to the control. In the pot experiment (40-day-old rice), treatment with 7.5 g L-1 anthocyanin resulted in decreases of O2-, H2O2, and malondialdehyde contents in rice leaves, while the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase were increased by 59.10, 23.81, 41.75, and 9.39%, respectively. Meanwhile, contents of glutathione, ascorbic
Y. Mi K. Tong G. Zhu X. Zhang X. Liu Y. Si (&) Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China e-mail: [email protected]
acid, non-protein thiols, and phytochelatins showed respective increases of 7.24, 14.49, 42.81, and 41.13% compared with the control value. Subcellular analysis revealed that surface spraying of anthocyanin increased organelle and soluble fractions of Cd in leaf cells. In conclusion, surface spraying of 7.5 g L-1 anthocyanin was mainly attributed to increased antioxidant activities and subcellular sequestration of Cd in organelles and soluble fractions in rice leaves to reduce Cd accumulation in rice grains in the field. Keywords Anthocyanin Cadmium Rice Antioxidant enzymes Translocation Subcellular localization
Introduction Among heavy metals in soils, cadmium (Cd) is an element with strong mobility and high bioavailability. It can be absorbed and transported from soil to stem leaves and grains by plants, which endanger food safety and human health in composite systems (Cho et al. 2019; Lomaglio et al. 2018). As a major global cereal crop, rice can accumulate more Cd than other cereals due to its high bioaccumulation factor (Meharg et al. 2013). In China, research on heavy metal pollution in the soil–plant–human system in Yangtze River Delta showed that the crop pollution index of Cd
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Environ Geochem Hea
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