Surfactant-facilitated alginate-biochar beads embedded with PAH-degrading bacteria and their application in wastewater t
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Surfactant-facilitated alginate-biochar beads embedded with PAH-degrading bacteria and their application in wastewater treatment Li Lu 1,2
&
Anan Li 1 & Xueqin Ji 1 & Shanying He 1 & Chunping Yang 1
Received: 13 May 2020 / Accepted: 13 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Immobilized Pseudomonas aeruginosa beads with alginate and biochar as composite carriers and a nonionic surfactant (TX100) as degradation promoter were prepared by the gel embedding method. The optimal preparation parameters for the biochar addition amount and the concentrations of the bacterial suspension and TX100 were 1%, OD600 = 1 and 200 mg/L, respectively. The addition of TX100 can simultaneously promote biochar sorption of PAHs and PAH degradation by P. aeruginosa. The removal ratio of acenaphthene was 24% higher for the TX100-facilitated immobilized bacterial beads than the beads in the absence of TX100. The surfactant-facilitated immobilized bacterial beads can thoroughly remove PAHs in wastewater under the conditions of 10~50 °C, pH 2.5~10.5, and less than 0.2 mol/L NaCl. The immobilized bacterial beads are suitable for continuousflow reactors, and 2-mm-diameter beads will achieve better application results than larger beads. The new immobilized material can be widely used in various wastewater treatment reactors and in the in situ remediation of organic polluted water. Keywords Alginate embedding . P. aeruginosa . Biochar . Triton X-100 . Acenaphthene . Wastewater treatment
Introduction With the rapid development of the economy, industrial wastewater and domestic sewage have caused serious pollution of water and soil. Persistent organic contaminants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorine pesticides, are considered a serious threat to human health and ecological balance (Chen and Liao 2006; Watts et al. 2010; Mitra et al. 2019; Portet-Koltalo et al. 2020). How to control and eliminate these organic pollutants is one of the research hotspots for environmental science workers. Several treatments, including chemical and Responsible Editor: Zhihong Xu * Li Lu [email protected] 1
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
2
Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
electrochemical oxidation, photolysis, chemical and physical sorption, and biodegradation, were commonly used to remove organic pollutants from wastewater (MartínezHuitle and Ferro 2006; Tran et al. 2015; Mota et al. 2020). Biotransformation is thought to be the principal and most promising mechanism. However, biodegradation treatments usually are time-consuming process. The immobilized-microorganism technique (IMT) combines the advantages of degradation and adsorption technologies by immobilizing microorganisms on the surface of carriers and creating a favorable degr
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