Swelling behavior of heavy crude oil in carbonated water at the presence of Na 2 SO 4 and Mg 2 SO 4
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ORIGINAL PAPER--PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
Swelling behavior of heavy crude oil in carbonated water at the presence of Na2SO4 and Mg2SO4 Saeed Zaker1,2 · Amir Sharafi2 · Roohollah Parvizi3 · Seyyed Hamid Esmaeili‑Faraj4 · Ebrahim Ghaseminejad5 Received: 27 May 2020 / Accepted: 8 June 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Carbonated water (CW) and low salinity (LS) injection processes are among the most widely investigated method during the past decade due to their unique advantages. Although the results revealed rather efficiency of these two methods, it is reported that using the combination of these two methods can introduce new insight about the smart and newly developed enhance oil recovery processes. Respect to these facts, the current work is aimed to investigate the swelling behavior of heavy crude oil in carbonated water at the presence of N a2SO4 and M g2SO4. In this way, one of the main effective mechanisms through the carbonated water injection which is swelling factor is examined in the presence of two different salts, namely, Na2SO4 and Mg2SO4, under different pressures (500–4000 psi) and temperatures (30–80 °C). The results obtained in this investigation are compared with the previously reported results regarding the carbonated brine (CB) solutions consisted of different salts such as KCl, NaCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2 with the same concentration of 15,000 ppm. The results not only reveal the possible mechanism behind the swelling factor variation, but also reveal that crude oil and ion type as well as temperature besides the solubility of CO2 in aqueous phase can introduce tremendous influence on the mobility of CO2 molecules and their partitioning from aqueous phase towards the oil phase. Also, the obtained results reveal that the presence of divalent ions can directly affect the crossover pressure toward lower values. Keywords Carbonated brine · Swelling · Bond number · Crude oil · EORs
Introduction * Roohollah Parvizi [email protected] Saeed Zaker [email protected] Seyyed Hamid Esmaeili‑Faraj [email protected] Ebrahim Ghaseminejad [email protected] 1
Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Process Engineering, Research and Development Department, Shazand-Arak Oil Refinery Company, Arak 381314‑3553, Iran
3
Department of Petroleum Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Qeshm Branch, Hormozgan, Iran
4
Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood 3619995161, Iran
5
National Iranian South Oil Company, Ahvaz, Iran
Among the different possible EOR methods, gas injection is the most common method and using carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most widely used gas due to several features and con‑ cerns existed regarding this gas. In detail, C O2 injection not only can lead to suitable oil recovery but also injecting CO2 into reservoir can manage the C O2 release into envi‑ ronment through CO2 capture which consequently reduces the global warming concern raised by existence o
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