Symbiotic Parameters, Productivity and Profitability in Kabuli Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) as Influenced by Applicati
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Symbiotic Parameters, Productivity and Profitability in Kabuli Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as Influenced by Application of Phosphorus and Biofertilizers Diljeet Kaur 1 & Guriqbal Singh 2
&
Poonam Sharma 2
Received: 2 April 2020 / Accepted: 6 July 2020 # Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo 2020
Abstract The present investigation was undertaken with objectives of studying the effect of phosphorus and biofertilizer treatments on symbiotic parameters, productivity and profitability of kabuli chickpea. The field experiment was conducted during 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 with five phosphorus levels (0, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kg P2O5 ha−1) and three biofertilizer treatments (uninoculated control, Mesorhizobium + RB-1 [Pseudomonas argentinensis] and Mesorhizobium + PSB-18 [Bacillus cereus]). Biofertilizers were used for inoculation of seed prior to sowing. Chlorophyll content index, number of nodules, nodule dry weight, leghaemoglobin content and nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in shoot were recorded the highest with application of 50 kg P2O5 ha−1. The highest grain yield (2059 and 2196 kg ha−1 in 2017–2018 and 2018–2019, respectively) was obtained with the application of 50 kg P2O5 ha−1 which was statistically at par with 40 kg P2O5 ha−1 (2045 and 2183 kg ha−1). However, the highest net returns and benefit-cost ratio were obtained with the application of 40 kg P2O5 ha−1. Inoculations with Mesorhizobium + RB-1 and Mesorhizobium + PSB-18 proved superior over uninoculated control with respect to all parameters studied. Mesorhizobium + RB-1 and Mesorhizobium + PSB-18 enhanced the grain yield by 15.33 and 15.52% in 2017–2018 and by 13.82 and 14.27% in 2018–2019, respectively, over uninoculated control. For obtaining high productivity and net returns of kabuli chickpea, 40 kg P2O5 ha−1 and seed inoculation with Mesorhizobium + RB-1 (Pseudomonas argentinensis) or Mesorhizobium + PSB-18 (Bacillus cereus) are found to be the most efficient. Keywords Biofertilizers . Kabuli chickpea . Leghaemoglobin content . Phosphorus . Symbiotic parameters
1 Introduction Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important cool season grain legume crop grown globally. At world level, it was cultivated on an area of 17.81 million ha with production of 17.19 million tonnes and average productivity (i.e. grain yield) was 965 kg ha−1 during 2018 (FAOSTAT 2020). The major chickpea-producing countries in the world are India, Australia, Ethiopia, Myanmar, Turkey, Russian Federation, Pakistan and the USA. Chickpea, because of its high protein
* Guriqbal Singh [email protected] 1
Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
2
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
content, plays an important role in human diet and substitutes for animal protein. It is a good source of protein for poor people who cannot afford costly animal protein. Chickpea grains contain 17.1% protein, 60.9% carbohydrates, 5.3% fats, 3.0% minerals and
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