Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of octyltrimethylammonium tetrathiotungstate
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Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of octyltrimethylammonium tetrathiotungstate Karla Vega-Granados . Juan Cruz-Reyes . Jose´ F. Horta-Marro´n . Manuel Marı´-Beffa . Laura Dı´az-Rubio . Iva´n Co´rdova-Guerrero . Daniel Cha´vez-Velasco . M. Carmen Ocan˜a . Miguel A. Medina . Lilian B. Romero-Sa´nchez
Received: 28 February 2020 / Accepted: 30 October 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Octyltrimethylammonium tetrathiotungstate salt (ATT-C8) was synthesized and its ability to chelate copper was evaluated. The biological and toxic aspects were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays, using bovine aorta endothelial cells (BAEC) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. The obtained results suggest that ATT-C8 has better biocompatibility, showing a significantly lower lethal concentration 50 (LC50) value in comparison to ammonium tetrathiotungstate (ATT). Zebrafish Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-020-00267-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. K. Vega-Granados J. Cruz-Reyes J. F. Horta-Marro´n L. Dı´az-Rubio I. Co´rdova-Guerrero L. B. Romero-Sa´nchez (&) Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Autonomous University of Baja California (UABC), Universidad 14418, Parque Internacional Industrial Tijuana, 22390 Tijuana, BC, Mexico e-mail: [email protected]
embryos assay results indicate that both tetrathiotungstate salts at the studied concentrations increase the hatching time. Even more, an in vivo assay showed that synthesized materials behave as copper antagonists and have the ability to inhibit its toxicological effects. Also, both materials were found to be active for the in vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The characterization of the materials was carried out using the following spectroscopic techniques: Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NRM).
M. C. Ocan˜a M. A. Medina Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
M. Marı´-Beffa Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain D. Cha´vez-Velasco Center for Graduates and Research in Chemistry, National Technological Institute of Mexico/ Technological Institute of Tijuana, 22510 Tijuana, BC, Mexico
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Biometals
Graphic abstract
Keywords Tetrathiotungstate salts Zebrafish embryo Antioxidant activity Anticopper therapy Toxicity
Introduction Diverse studies suggest that, as ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (ATM), ammonium tetrathiotungstate (ATT) presents excellent chelating properties (McQuaid et al. 1994; Young et al. 1982). ATMs chelating properties have been thoroughly studied in the treatment of Wilson’s disease (WD) (Brewer 2009; Brewer et al. 1994, 1991). ATM forms complexes with copper and albumin that decrease the bioavailability of copper
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