Tailor-made amino acid-derived pharmaceuticals approved by the FDA in 2019
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INVITED REVIEW
Tailor‑made amino acid‑derived pharmaceuticals approved by the FDA in 2019 Zizhen Yin1 · Wenfei Hu2 · Wei Zhang2 · Hiroyuki Konno3 · Hiroki Moriwaki4 · Kunisuke Izawa4 · Jianlin Han1 · Vadim A. Soloshonok5,6 Received: 20 June 2020 / Accepted: 27 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Amino acids (AAs) are among a handful of paramount classes of compounds innately involved in the origin and evolution of all known life-forms. Along with basic scientific explorations, the major goal of medicinal chemistry research in the area of tailor-made AAs is the development of more selective and potent pharmaceuticals. The growing acceptance of peptides and peptidomimetics as drugs clearly indicates that AA-based molecules become the most successful structural motif in the modern drug design. In fact, among 24 small-molecule drugs approved by FDA in 2019, 13 of them contain a residue of AA or di-amines or amino-alcohols, which are commonly considered to be derived from the parent AAs. In the present review article, we profile 13 new tailor-made AA-derived pharmaceuticals introduced to the market in 2019. Where it is possible, we will discuss the development form drug-candidates, total synthesis, with emphasis on the core-AA, therapeutic area, and the mode of biological activity. Keywords Tailor-made amino acids · Drug design · Modern pharmaceuticals and medicinal formulations · Asymmetric synthesis · Blockbuster drugs
Introduction
Handling Editor: J. D. Wade.
Amino acids (AAs), in various arrangements, like α-, β-, γ-, and others, are ubiquitous in nature, playing a pivotal role in the emergence of live and biological evolution. Since the discovery of asparagine in 1806 (Vauquelin and Robiquet 1
Jiangsu Co‑Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2
Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125, USA
3
Wenfei Hu [email protected]
Department of Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992‑8510, Japan
4
Hiroyuki Konno [email protected]‑u.ac.jp
Hamari Chemicals Ltd, 1‑4‑29 Kunijima, Higashi‑Yodogawa‑ku, Osaka 533‑0024, Japan
5
Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
6
Basque Foundation for Science, IKERBASQUE, Alameda Urquijo 36‑5, Plaza Bizkaia, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
* Wei Zhang [email protected] * Jianlin Han [email protected] * Vadim A. Soloshonok [email protected] Zizhen Yin [email protected]
Hiroki Moriwaki hiroki‑[email protected] Kunisuke Izawa kunisuke‑[email protected]
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1806), over thousands of various types of amino acids, including halogen and even fluorine-containing derivatives, were isolated from natural sources (Vicker
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