The Co-inoculation of Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium Increases the Early Nodulation and Development of Common Beans
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The Co-inoculation of Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium Increases the Early Nodulation and Development of Common Beans Rita Hilário de Carvalho 1 & Ederson da Conceição Jesus 2 Rosângela Straliotto 3 & Adelson Paulo Araújo 1
&
Vinício Oliosi Favero 1 &
Received: 27 June 2019 / Accepted: 3 January 2020 # Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo 2020
Abstract It has recently been shown that the co-inoculation of Rhizobium tropici and Bradyrhizobium spp. can benefit the nodulation, development, and biological nitrogen fixation of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Here, we compared this type of coinoculation with the co-inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense on two common bean cultivars and evaluated whether they can stimulate the early nodulation of this crop, aiming at anticipating the contribution of biological nitrogen fixation to plant nutrition. The co-inoculation with B. elkanii 29w increased the number of nodules in the V3 and V4 stages. Both co-inoculations stimulated a larger mass of nodules and larger shoot biomass during the V4 stage. The co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium also stimulated root growth. The co-inoculation effects were consistent for the two tested cultivars, but some differences in response indicate a possible genotype effect. We can conclude that the co-inoculation of B. elkanii benefits the common bean during the early stages of its cycle. These effects are comparable with the effects of the co-inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense Sp 245. Keywords Nodulation . Phenological phase . Mixed inoculation . Strains . Biomass
1 Introduction Soon after germination, the nodules formed on the roots of common beans are still not efficient in promoting biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and the cotyledons no longer supply the demand for N, causing the plant to go through a period of nutrient deficiency (Xavier et al. 2007). According to Brito (2013), nodulation and nitrogenase activity in common beans initiates at 10–11 days after emergence (DAE), but the BNF can supply the plant demand only after 25 DAE.
* Ederson da Conceição Jesus [email protected] 1
Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro-UFRRJ, BR 465, km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil
2
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária – Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Agrobiologia, BR 465, km 7, Seropédica, RJ CEP 23891-000, Brazil
3
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária – Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Solos, Rua Jardim Botânico 1.024, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22460-000, Brazil
An alternative to minimize the effects of the initial deficiency of N is to stimulate early nodulation, thus anticipating the contribution of BNF to plant nutrition and increasing the efficiency of N utilization from nitrogenase activity. The coinoculation of common bean with bacteria of different genera can contribute in this regard. A classic example is the coinoculation with Azospirillum brasilense which, by stimulating root development, increases the infection sites for rhizobial strains (Cassán et al. 2009), improving the y
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