The complex relationship between Immunosenescence and Inflammaging: Special issue on the New Biomedical Perspectives
- PDF / 166,455 Bytes
- 4 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 18 Downloads / 209 Views
INTRODUCTION
The complex relationship between Immunosenescence and Inflammaging: Special issue on the New Biomedical Perspectives Claudio Franceschi 1 & Aurelia Santoro 2 & Miriam Capri 2
# Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
The present issue of Seminar in Immunopathology “Immunosenescence: New Biomedical Perspectives” is devoted to a hot topic, i.e., immunosenescence and inflammaging, and their complex relationship with the pathogenesis of agerelated diseases (ARDs). Hereafter, we will summarize the main concepts and findings to put this issue in frame of the present knowledge. The phenotype of old people is the result of the capability of the body to respond/adapt to cellular and molecular insults continuously occurring in all tissues and organs (damaging stimuli) we are exposed to lifelong, which are sensed as danger signals recognized by a limited number of evolutionary conserved receptors. This adaptation has been conceptualized as “remodeling,” which can be considered a general theory of aging [1–3]. This remodeling is the result of the immunological history of the organism, a concept that has been dubbed “immunobiography” [4, 5]. According to this scenario, the immune system adapts (contemporarily both “negatively” and “positively”) to the continuous challenges occurring throughout life, and immunosenescence represents the final result of this continuous remodeling/adaptation process. An integral ingredient of immunosenescence is inflammaging [6]. A variety of molecules, such as stress hormones, mitokines, DAMPs, and garbage accumulation (garbaging), are able to This article is a contribution to the special issue on: Immunosenescence: New Biomedical Perspectives - Guest Editors: Claudio Franceschi, Aurelia Santoro, and Miriam Capri * Aurelia Santoro [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Systems Medicine of Healthy Aging and Department of Applied Mathematics, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia 603950
2
DIMES- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, Bologna, Italy
modulate the acceleration or the deceleration of aging process loading on the inflammaging tone [7]. Immunosenescence (and inflammaging) have usually a negative connotation, but, according to a variety of recent observations, the changes of the immune system with age are much more complex, personalized, and dynamic than previously thought, being characterized by homeodynamic features balanced between “adaptive” and “maladaptive aspects” (discussed by [8] in this issue). It is well known that with increasing age, the health status variability increases undergoing a progressive large divergence. Thus, old people are characterized by a large heterogeneity, suggesting that the basic/simple parameter “chronological age” becomes progressively less informative, according to the most recent finding suggesting that “biological age” (measured for example by whole genome DNA methylation) can be more accurate and predictive of incom
Data Loading...
