The convergent validity between self- and peer-ratings of the Dark Triad personality
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The convergent validity between self- and peer-ratings of the Dark Triad personality Marta Malesza 1 & Magdalena Claudia Kaczmarek 2
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract Researchers examining the accuracy of observers ratings of others are devoting increased attention to peer-reported personality traits. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to investigate convergent validity of the three-factor Dark Triad model of personality framework, using two different rating methods: self-ratings and peer-ratings. Each participant (N = 266) was asked to collect three peer ratings (total peers N = 798). First, respondents completed three Dark Triad measures—Mach IV, SRP-III, and NPI-17 instruments. The peer-report forms of these instruments consisted of the same items as in the self-report version, but the rephrasing was appropriate to a third-person perspective. With the exception of one subscale of narcissism, Dark Triad measures demonstrated substantial convergent validity. These findings challenge views that at least two dark personality characteristics, i.e. psychopathy and Machiavellianism, are accurately observable phenomenon. The influences of agreement between self and other raters are discussed in relation to the degree of ratability and social desirability. Keywords Dark Triad . Construct validity . Self-rating . Other-rating
Introduction The Dark Triad model (Paulhus and Williams 2002) is identified as three overlapping but distinct socially aversive traits. The Dark Triad traits, consisting of Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy, represent a set of socially aversive and subclinical maladaptive personality characteristics. Machiavellianism is defined by self-interest and tendencies toward deceptiveness and the exploitation and manipulation of others (Christie and Geis 1970). Individuals high in narcissism tend to focus, for the most part, on themselves and are characterized by self-absorption, dominance, and feelings of entitlement (Emmons 1987). Finally, psychopathy is characterized by high thrill-seeking, callousness, interpersonal antagonism and manipulation (Hare and Neumann 2008). A number of studies showed that the Dark Triad traits are related
* Marta Malesza [email protected] 1
Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Germany, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, OT Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
2
Institute for Psychosocial Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Stoystrasse 3, 07740 Jena, Germany
to many negative outcomes including counter-productive behaviour in the workplace, for instance being a Btoxic leader^ (Harms et al. 2011), engaging in criminal offence (Lee et al. 2005), being dishonest during education (cheating for psychopathy, essay plagiarism for Machiavellianism (Nathanson et al. 2006). Moreover, the dark individuals tend to interpersonal manipulation in distinctive styles (Jones and Paulhus, 2011). In contrast, the Dark Triad refers also to several adaptive aspects. For instance, the Dark Triad traits may lead t
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