The crosstalk of ABCA1 and ANXA1: a potential mechanism for protection against atherosclerosis

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Molecular Medicine

REVIEW

Open Access

The crosstalk of ABCA1 and ANXA1: a potential mechanism for protection against atherosclerosis Xin Shen1†, Shun Zhang1†, Zhu Guo1,2, Dongming Xing1,3* and Wujun Chen1*

Abstract Atherosclerosis, characterized by the formation of fat-laden plaques, is a chronic inflammatory disease. ABCA1 promotes cholesterol efflux, reduces cellular cholesterol accumulation, and regulates anti-inflammatory activities in an apoA-I- or ANXA1-dependent manner. The latter activity occurs by mediating the efflux of ANXA1, which plays a critical role in anti-inflammatory effects, cholesterol transport, exosome and microparticle secretion, and apoptotic cell clearance. ApoA-I increases ANXA1 expression via the ERK, p38MAPK, AKT, and PKC pathways. ApoA-I regulates the signaling pathways by binding to ABCA1, suggesting that apoA-I increases ANXA1 expression by binding to ABCA1. Furthermore, ANXA1 may increase ABCA1 expression. ANXA1 increases PPARγ expression by modulating STAT6 phosphorylation. PPARγ also increases ANXA1 expression by binding to the promoter of ANXA1. Therefore, ABCA1, PPARγ, and ANXA1 may form a feedback loop and regulate each other. Interestingly, the ANXA1 needs to be externalized to the cell membrane or secreted into the extracellular fluids to exert its anti-inflammatory properties. ABCA1 transports ANXA1 from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane by regulating lipidization and serine phosphorylation, thereby mediating ANXA1 efflux, likely by promoting microparticle and exosome release. The direct role of ABCA1 expression and ANXA1 release in atherosclerosis has been unclear. In this review, we focus on the role of ANXA1 in atheroprogression and its novel interaction with ABCA1, which may be useful for providing basic knowledge for the development of novel therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Keywords: ANXA1, ABCA1, PPARγ, Crosstalk, Atherosclerosis

Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), and heart failure (HF), are the leading cause of death in humans and are manly caused by atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis, characterized by the formation of fat-laden plaques in large- and medium-sized vessels, has been identified as a chronic inflammatory disease of the artery wall (Saigusa et al. 2020). Atherosclerosis occurs through the recruitment of monocytes and their differentiation into macrophages, which require lipids for foam cell * Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] † Xin Shen and Shun Zhang contributed equally to this work. 1 Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article

generation, a process regulated by balancing the rates of lipid uptake and efflux (Peng et al. 2020). The latter is mainly controlled by ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), a membrane transporter that is abundant in