The drying process of Sarcocornia perennis : impact on nutritional and physico-chemical properties
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The drying process of Sarcocornia perennis: impact on nutritional and physico-chemical properties M. J. Barroca1,2 • R. P. F. Guine´3 • A. M. Amado1 • S. Ressurreic¸a˜o2 • A. Moreira da Silva1,2 • M. P. M. Marques1,4 • L. A. E. Batista de Carvalho1
Revised: 27 February 2020 / Accepted: 24 April 2020 Ó Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India) 2020
Abstract The Sarcocornia genus is an extreme salt-tolerant plant that can be cultivated in saline habitats almost worldwide. To preserve Sarcocornia perennis, convective drying experiments were conducted and their effects on the physico-chemical properties and phenolic content of the plant were studied using conventional and vibrational spectroscopy techniques. The drying process of Sarcocornia perennis at temperatures of 40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C and 70 °C revealed three periods of convective drying process with drying times ranging between 4.5 and 24.9 h, respectively to higher and lower temperatures. The heatingup period can be neglected as compared with the drying process, and the duration of constant rate period, as a percentage of the total drying time, ranged between 34 and 20% respectively at 40 °C and 70 °C. The Modified Page model was proposed to describe the drying process at the different temperatures. From a nutritional point of view, this halophyte plant may be considered as a good source of
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-020-04482-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. & M. J. Barroca [email protected] 1
Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
2
Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra College of Agriculture, Bencanta, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal
3
CERNAS Research Center and Department of Food Industry, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, ESAV, Quinta da Alagoa, 3500-606 Viseu, Portugal
4
Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
fibres, phenolic compounds and natural minerals, such as sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. The convective drying, in the temperature range currently used, was found to preserve the colour, nutritional characteristics and phytochemical value of Sarcocornia perennis. These results were confirmed by FTIR-ATR and highlight the potential use of the dried plant in novel food products. Keywords Halophyte plants Sarcocornia perennis Drying process Kinetic Physico-chemical properties FTIR-ATR
Introduction The prospect of global warming and freshwater reduction leads to an increase of saline and dry conditions of the land and led to an enhanced need for salt-tolerant crops. Due to their extreme salt tolerance, genera Salicornia and Sarcocornia (Chenopodiaceae, subfamily Salicornioideae) can be viewed as good candidate plants to be cultivated in saline habitats almost worldwide (Ventura et al. 2011; Ventura and Sagi 2013; Steffen et al. 2015; Flowers and Colmer 2015; Garcı´a-Capa
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