The effects of cold stress on Mytilus species in the natural environment
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MINI REVIEW
The effects of cold stress on Mytilus species in the natural environment Andrey Victorovich Boroda 1 & Yulia Olegovna Kipryushina 1 & Nelly Adolphovna Odintsova 1 Received: 9 September 2019 / Revised: 26 March 2020 / Accepted: 1 April 2020 # Cell Stress Society International 2020
Abstract Environmental stressors induce changes in marine mussels from molecular (e.g., neurotransmitter and chaperone concentration, and expression of immune- and heat-shock protein-related genes) to physiological (e.g., filtration and heart rates, the number of circulating hemocytes) levels. Temperature directly affects the biogeographic distribution of mussels. Chaperones might form an essential part of endogenous protective mechanisms for the adaptation of these animals to low temperatures in nature. Here, we review the available studies dealing with cold stress responses of Mytilidae family members in their natural environment. Keywords Cold . Heat-shock proteins . Mussel . Thermal stress . Mytilus . Perna . Mytilidae
Introduction Mussels have been used as model organisms in many ecotoxicological, physiological, biophysical, behavioral, and biochemical studies, more than any other group of marine invertebrates (Waite et al. 1998; Ciocan and Sunila 2005; Kholodkevich et al. 2009; Soldatov et al. 2010; Fiorini et al. 2012; Hartmann et al. 2016). The members of the marine family Mytilidae, including the genera Mytilus and Perna, are characterized as edible sessile poikilothermic filter-feeding bivalves found worldwide, mainly in shallow areas, from subzero temperatures to relatively high temperatures (more than 25 °C) (Thyrring et al. 2019). During evolution, marine organisms have developed various mechanisms to protect themselves against the extreme natural variations in environmental temperatures that they encounter. A comprehensive review on the ecological and physiological effects of temperature changes (heat stress) on Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12192-020-01109-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Andrey Victorovich Boroda [email protected] 1
National Scientific Center of Marine Biology of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevsky St, Vladivostok, Primorsky Krai 690041, Russia
members of the family Mytilidae was presented by Zippay and Helmuth 2012. The damaging effects of low temperatures on marine animals have been much less explored than those of high temperatures (Theede 1973). The studies devoted to members of the family Mytilidae under cold stress published from before 1980 to the present time are presented in Fig. 1 and Table S1. Organism exposed to cold stress undergoes physiological adjustments including decreasing heart and filtration rates, increasing hemocyte numbers, and altering hemocyte motility and membrane permeability (Fisher 1988). The molecular adaptive mechanisms in mussels responding to environmental temperature changes are similar to those in other organ
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