The Environmental Functions and Ecological Effects of Organic Carbon in Silt
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IS SSN 1674-487X X
The Envirronmental Fun nctions and a Ecoologicall Effects of O Organic c Carbo on in Sillt Rui Liu u
1, 2
1 2 , Teng Ma *1, 2, Wenkai W Qiu1, 2, Ziqi Peng1, , Chenxuaan Shi1, 2
1. Scchool of Earth Sciences, S Chinaa University of Geosciences, G W Wuhan 430074, C China 2. State Key K Laboratory of Biogeology and a Environmenntal Geology, China C Universitty of Geosciencces, Wuhan 4300 074, China Rui Liu: httpps://orcid.org/00000-0002-21411-1007; Ten ng Ma: https://orrcid.org/0000-00003-2827-9579 9 AB BSTRACT: Sillt is a kind of unconsolidated u d sediment con nsisting of fine particles; silt iis generally deepositted across widee areas on thee surfaces of drrainages and in i oceans undeer static or sloow-hydrodynam mic conditions. The organic carbon (OC) in silt has multiple essential e enviroonmental funcctions. This paper elaaborates the morphological m a environmeental indicatio and on functions off OC in silt, an nd the effect off its ow wn migration and a transformaation on enviroonmental deterioration. Orgganic carbon exxists in silt in two t forrms, free and mineral-bindin ng. Meanwhilee, based on its formation and d structure, O OC can be divid ded intto light and heeavy fraction of o OC. Environ nmental inform mation includin ng data related d to paleoclima ates, an ncient levels off productivity level, and variations in regiional organism m abundance ccan be discovered froom total organ nic carbon, the C/N ratio, and a OC isotop pe content. Deggradation of O OC is believed d to paarticipate in the emission of greenhouse g gasses, release of heavy h metals and a other contaminants. Fina ally, froom the view off silt deposition n, the possible influence of co omplex water-rrock interactioon in which OC C is invvolved during the evolution of silt to a clayyey aquitard on o the hydroch hemical compoosition of groundwaater is discusseed, which proviides a new perrspective for fu uture research on the carbon cycle in naturre. KE EYW ORDS: silt organic caarbon, morphological chara acteristic, environmental ind dication, envirronmeental effect. 0
INTRODU UCTION Researchhers in various disciplines d suchh as engineeringg geology, marine science, and sedimentology s have defined silt s in different wayss. In the Soil Classification Standard of China C (GBJ145-09, 2002), 2 silt is deefined as fine or o granular uncoonsolidated sedimeent generated through physioochemical and biochemical proccesses under a hydrostatic h or weak w hydrodynnamic sedimentary environment (GBJ145-09, 2002). Gene rally speaking, silt is mainly depposited in the discharge areaas of groundwater systems s (e.g., oceans, o lakes, deltas, d wetlandss and rivers) and peertains to wateer retention annd chemical ennergy storage zones, gene pools of species (Liu et al., 2003), infoormation bases of environmentall change (Liu, 2002), and caarbon sinks of greennhouse gases (Z Zhao et al., 20008; Fang and Chen, C 2001). The average particle size s of silt is sm mall and usuallyy less than 0.062 5 mm m (Aplin et al., a 1999) and the
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