The evaluation of heavy metals in transylvania, as predictor for the health status of the exposed population
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ORIGINAL PAPER
The evaluation of heavy metals in transylvania, as predictor for the health status of the exposed population Doriana Maria Popa . Ma˘rioara Moldovan . Doina Prodan . Cornel Aldea . Ca˘lin Laza˘r . Cecilia Lazea . Mirela Cris¸ an . Lucia Maria Sur . Sorin C. Man . Cristina Borzan
Received: 29 May 2020 / Accepted: 9 October 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract It is well known and proven that heavy metal contamination of the soils can severely affect the health of the people living in the contaminated areas given the ease with which trace elements can enter the human body. In addition-to agricultural crop depreciation as well as soil erosion, soil pollution can negatively affect the natural function of ecosystems. While certain heavy metals in high doses can be harmful to the body, others such as cadmium, mercury, lead, chromium, silver and arsenic in minimal amounts have delusional effects on the body, causing acute and chronic intoxication. Our research is focused on the identification of heavy metals from the soil (O, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Pb, Si, Ti, Zn) in 3 areas in Transylvania where factories were in operation, using 4 methods: UV–VIS spectrometry, AAS, SEM-
EDAX and X-ray diffractions. High levels of very toxic trace elements such as lead, aluminum, cadmium were found near the studied areas, especially using SEM-EDAX and AAS methods. Knowledge on the soil concentration of TEs, the time exposure and the side effects can lead us to predict the health status of the exposed population. In our study, by determinating the concentration of TEs we set out to formulate a prediction on the health status of the exposed population using literature data. Keywords Health
Trace elements Soil Contamination
D. M. Popa (&) C. Borzan Department of Public Health, University of Medicine and Phramacy ‘‘Iuliu Hatieganu’’, 31 Avram Iancu Street, Fl 3, 40083 Cluj-Napoca, Romania e-mail: [email protected]
C. Laza˘r C. Lazea M. Cris¸ an L. M. Sur 1st Pediatric Department, University of Medicine and Phramacy ‘‘Iuliu Hatieganu’’, 68 Motilor Street, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
M. Moldovan D. Prodan Department of Polymer Composites, Babes-Bolyai University, Institute of Chemistry Raluca Ripan, 30 Fantanele Street, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
S. C. Man Mother and Child Department, 3Rd Department of Paediatrics, Iuliu Hat¸ ieganu’’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2-4 Campeni Street, 400217 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
C. Aldea Nephrology-2nd Pediatric Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, 5 Crisan Street, 400177 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Environ Geochem Health
Introduction Transylvania (Romania) is considered one of the most polluted areas in Europe, because of the factories which had operated for decades, and had produced extremely toxic components such as black carbon, sulfuric acid, lead, cadmium, copper, arsenic, aluminum. The soils and water pollution have a major impact on the ecosystem, affecting the flora by pla
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