The Fast Controller of a Gyrotron Anode Voltage
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RAL EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUE
The Fast Controller of a Gyrotron Anode Voltage B. Z. Movshevicha, A. I. Tsvetkova,*, M. Yu. Glyavina, and A. P. Fokina a Institute
of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Russia *e-mail: [email protected]
Received May 23, 2020; revised June 1, 2020; accepted June 3, 2020
Abstract—A device is described and test data of a unit for rapid adjustment of the anode voltage of the gyrotron are presented. The unit allows a signal that is proportional to the control to change the voltage at the isolated anode of the gyrotron, which has a capacitance relative to the earth of 100–200 pF, in the range from 0.4 to 1.6 kV with a characteristic time of approximately 1 μs. This allows one to use this unit in the feedback circuit of the phase-locked loop gyrotron frequency. Controlling the frequency and phase of the radiation opens up possibilities for creating powerful highly stable oscillators and synchronizing a large number of gyrotrons, which is relevant, for example, for problems of high-gradient electron acceleration. DOI: 10.1134/S002044122006010X
INTRODUCTION Recent years have been marked by significant progress in the development of gyrotrons, which provide record values of continuous and average power in the millimeter and submillimeter wavelength ranges. Plasma heating and maintaining the plasma current in controlled thermonuclear fusion plants remain as the main areas of application of gyrotrons. Currently, several countries, including Russia, are developing gyrotrons with an output power of 1 MW at a frequency of 170 GHz in continuous mode with an efficiency of 50% for the international ITER reactor [1, 2]. In addition, moderate-power gyrotrons are actively used in ion sources [3], for technological [4], and a number of other applications. The possibility of an almost unlimited increase in power due to the coherent addition of radiation from several gyrotrons is very attractive. For this, it is necessary to ensure high stability of their output parameters, as well as the ability to control the frequency and phase of each of these generators. Another potential application of powerful gyrotrons is their use in promising high-gradient accelerators of charged particles [5]. Here, in addition to high output power, it is necessary to ensure the synchronization of the phases of the emission of gyrotrons supplying different accelerating sections. In this case, the phase shift between adjacent sections must be controlled with high accuracy. Finally, gyrotrons with high stability of their output parameters are in demand for plasma diagnostics using the collective Thomson scattering method [6].
All these tasks can be solved by capturing the frequency of the gyrotron by an external (leading) highly stable source with a moderate level of output power. For this purpose, a gyrotron driver [7] with a frequency of 170 GHz and an output power of approximately 25 kW has been developed and is currently at the manufacturing stage, whose signal is supposed to capture a megawa
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