The Gears of Knowledge Translation: Process Evaluation of the Dissemination and Implementation of a Patient Engagement T
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VISN 4 Center for the Evaluation of Patient Aligned Care Teams (CEPACT), Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA; 2Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, VA Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion (CHERP), Philadelphia, PA, USA; 3 Division of General Internal Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA; 4Jhpiego Corporation, an affiliate of Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; 5Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, VA Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion (CHERP), Pittsburgh, PA, USA; 6Division of General Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
BACKGROUND: Patient engagement is a key tenet of patient-centered care and is associated with many positive health outcomes. To improve resources for patient engagement, we created a web-based, interactive patient engagement toolkit to improve patient engagement in primary care across the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). OBJECTIVE: To use the knowledge translation (KT) framework to evaluate the dissemination and implementation of a patient engagement toolkit at facilities across one region in the VHA. DESIGN: Using a mixed-methods approach, this process evaluation involved phone monitoring via semistructured interviews and group meetings, during which we explored barriers and facilitators to KT. Outcomes were assessed using a structured rubric and existing patient satisfaction measures. PARTICIPANTS: We enlisted implementers at 40 VHA facilities primarily serving Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware to implement patient engagement practices at their sites. Sites were randomly assigned into a high or low coaching group to assess whether external support influenced implementation. KEY RESULTS: Sites with high rubric scores employed and possessed several elements across the KT trajectory from identification of the problem to sustainment of knowledge use. Key factors for successful implementation and dissemination included implementer engagement, organizational support, and strong collaborators. The most frequently cited barriers included short staffing, time availability, lack of buy-in, and issues with leadership. Successful implementers experienced just as many barriers, but leveraged facilitators to overcome obstacles. While sites that received more coaching did not have different outcomes, they were more likely to revisit the toolkit and indicated that they felt more accountable to local personnel. CONCLUSIONS: Because leveraging available resources is a key component of successful implementation, future toolkits should highlight the type of facilitators necessary Received September 3, 2019 Accepted July 30, 2020
for successful implementation of toolkit content in healthcare settings. The ability to tailor interventions to local context is critical for overcoming barriers faced in most healthcare settings. KEY WORDS: toolkit; patient engagement; knowledge translation; Veterans; primary care; implement
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