The Handbook of Neuroprotection

Neuroprotection has been placed on a firm scientific basis during the past decade due to an improved understanding of the molecular basis of neurological diseases and the knowledge that treatment of neurological disorders should not be merely symptomatic

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The Handbook of Neuroprotection

Kewal K. Jain MD, FRACS, FFPM Jain PharmaBiotech, Basel, Switzerland

Kewal K. Jain Jain PharmaBiotech Blaesiring 7 Basel 4057 Switzerland [email protected]

ISBN 978-1-61779-048-5 e-ISBN 978-1-61779-049-2 DOI 10.1007/978-1-61779-049-2 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011921247 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Humana press is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface

Neuroprotection is an important part of care of the neurological disorders. Treatment of neurological disorders should not be merely symptomatic, but an effort should be made to prevent the progression of the underlying disease and to develop therapies for regeneration. Neuroprotection also covers the protection of the part of the nervous system exposed to trauma and surgery. Neuroprotection has been used in medical practice for the past 50 years. The earliest agents were barbiturates and nonpharmacological approaches such as hypothermia and hyperbaric oxygen. Neuroprotection has been placed on a firm scientific basis during the past decade due to an improved understanding of the molecular basis of neurological diseases. This book is a comprehensive review of neuroprotection based on the knowledge of the molecular basis of neurological disorders. Neuroprotective effects of older, established drugs as well as new drugs in development are documented. This book has evolved over a decade, starting with a commercial report on ­neuroprotection. Although there is no cure for several neurological disorders, ­tremendous progress has been made in understanding the pathomechanism of ­diseases such as stroke and neurodegenerative disorders. Over 500 drugs are under investigation at various stages from preclinical research to clinical trials. A number of drugs with neuroprotective effects are on the market. Further research has been d