The Impact of International Migration Process and Contemporary Trend
This book comprises the historical overview of migration processes in Kyrgyzstan, contemporary migration trends in international migration and various social, economic and political impacts of migration. It presents the findings of longstanding, in-depth,
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The Impact of International Migration Process and Contemporary Trends in Kyrgyzstan
The Impact of International Migration
Lira Sagynbekova
The Impact of International Migration Process and Contemporary Trends in Kyrgyzstan
Lira Sagynbekova Center for Development Studies (ZELF) Freie Universita¨t Berlin Berlin, Germany Mountain Societies Research Institute (MSRI) University of Central Asia Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
ISBN 978-3-319-26990-0 ISBN 978-3-319-26991-7 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-26991-7
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016931862 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland
A Note on Transliteration
The transliteration of Russian and Kyrgyz words in this book was made by using the BGN/PCGN (United States Board on Geographic Names/Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use) system of transliteration.1 However, the Cyrillic letter “Ж” has been transliterated as “J” and not as “Zh” as is seen in the BGN/PCGN system. This is in accordance with the statistical books and documents of the National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic, in which geographic names or names of ethnos are spelled using “J”; for example, “Жалал-Aбад” was spelled as “Jalal-Abad” and not “Zhalal-Abad”. In view of the fact that the Kyrgyz alphabet includes three letters, “Ң”, “Ө” and “Ү”, which are absent from the Russian alphabet, I used the BGN/PCGN 1979 System (Romanization System for Kirghiz)2 for the transliteration of these letters, according to which “Ң” ¼ “Ng”, ¨ ” and “Ү” ¼ “U ¨ ”. Additionally, the most common spellings of geographic “Ө” ¼ “O or personal names in English have not been subjected to transliteration; for example, “Yekaterinburg” has been used and not “Ekaterinburg”.
1 Europe-Asia Studies, Notes for Reviewers of Books (http://
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