The Investigation of Erbium Complexes and Erbium Doped Materials
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The Investigation of Erbium Complexes and Erbium Doped Materials Seunghoon Lee, Ung Kim, Juntae Kim and Sang Man Koo Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University Seoul 133-791, Korea ABSTRACT Erbium ion (Er3+) doped materials are of great interest for their optical amplification, lasing and frequency up-conversion properties. When preparing such materials, a major problem that often arises is the formation of Er-rich oxide clusters inducing optical quenching. The materials prepared at low Er3+-ion concentrations to overcome the problem have severely reduced the optical yield. Such clustering might be avoided by preparing suitable precursors. If Er is encapsulated with proper materials, clustering can be avoided and higher doping levels can be achieved. In this study, erbium phenoxide complex was obtained by metathesis reaction of erbium chloride (ErCl3) with potassium phenoxide (KOPh). And heterometallic complexes were also synthesized by encapsulation of the Er with Al or Ti derivatives. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis. Their crystal structures were determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis. In addition, the Er-doped organic-inorganic matrices using the erbium complexes were investigated about their optical properties.
INTRODUCTION In recent years, Er3+ ion doped optical materials have received growing interest for their applications to the fields of integrated lasers or amplifiers for telecommunication. In these applications, materials with high Er3+ concentration are required to maximize the amplification. However, high Er3+ concentration in the devices often leads the formation of cluster type Er compounds that induce optical quenching due to energy transfer. These problems can be solved by employing suitable Er precursors either containing bulky ligands or being encapsulated with proper materials to prevent agglomeration and ensure the homogeneous dispersion. In this study, new types of Er precursors were synthesized by first introducing bulky phenoxide ligands and secondly encapsulating this complex with other metal alkoxides. The absorption and photoluminescence spectra of these complexes have been investigated and well-defined fluorescence peak with a wide bandwidth were observed.
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EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS All preparations were performed in a glovebox containing dry, oxygen-free nitrogen atmosphere. The solvents were purified by distillation. Commercial ErCl3 (Strem Chemicals), AlCl3 (Aldrich), Ti(OPri)4 (Aldrich), Phenol (Aldrich) and Dibenzoylmethane (Aldrich) were used. Er(OPh)6 – Erbium phenoxide was prepared by the addition of erbium chloride solution in acetonitrile to 6 equivalent of potassium phenoxide solution in acetonitrile under stirring, whereafter the reaction was allowed to proceed for 2 days at 70°C, yielding a brown solution with white precipitates (KCl). The solution was removed and evaporated to dry. The dried alkoxide was dissolved in DMF and
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