The microbiota of the surface, dermis and subcutaneous tissue of dog skin
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Animal Microbiome
(2020) 2:34
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
The microbiota of the surface, dermis and subcutaneous tissue of dog skin Rocío García-Fonticoba1, Lluís Ferrer1,2, Olga Francino3 and Anna Cuscó4*
Abstract Background: Studies using highly sensitive molecular techniques have detected bacterial communities below the human epidermis. Depending on their abundance and composition, this finding could be clinically relevant. The aim of this study was to determine if bacteria can be detected in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue of dogs without cutaneous disease using two different approaches: traditional cultures and DNA sequencing of the V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA gene using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Results: Seven healthy dogs were included in the study, and two sets of samples were collected from each subject. Sample sets were composed of a 6-mm abdominal skin biopsy, including epidermis, dermis, and subcutis, a skin surface swab, and an environmental blank sample for contamination control. One set of samples from each dog was submitted for bacterial culture and the other one for bacterial DNA amplification and sequencing. Five different bacterial genera (Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus) were isolated in five out of the seven skin surface swab samples with aerobic microbiological culture methods, while no growth was obtained from the other two samples. Although some DNA could be amplified from epidermal, dermal, and subcutaneous tissue samples, the results of the NGS were similar to those of the blanks. Conclusion: When investigated with aerobic microbiological culture methods, the dermis and subcutaneous tissue of dogs are sterile. NGS techniques lead to the detection of some bacterial DNA, similar to the signal detected in blanks, which does not support the presence of a microbiota in dermis or subcutaneous tissue. Keywords: Skin microbiota, Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous tissue, Next-generation sequencing, Dog
Background The study of the cutaneous microbiota has aroused enormous interest in the last decade [1–3]. Numerous studies have revealed the complexity of the microbial skin communities of humans, dogs, and cats [4–6]. Multiple interactions between the skin microbiota and the immune system have also been demonstrated, so that a diverse and balanced microbiota is considered an essential component of a healthy skin [4, 7, 8]. Furthermore, identifying and characterizing the cutaneous microbiota can help us to understand how microbial diversity may contribute to cutaneous diseases, and to elucidate the roles of different * Correspondence: [email protected] 4 Vetgenomics, Ed. Eureka, PRUAB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
microorganisms in the pathogenesis of dermatological conditions such as atopic dermatitis [8–10]. Culture-based techniques have been useful to detect bacterial populations in the epidermal surface but have failed to detect microorgan
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