The Monday Effect Revisited: A Diary and Sleep Actigraphy Study
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The Monday Effect Revisited: A Diary and Sleep Actigraphy Study Achim Elfering1,2 · Christin Gerhardt1,2 · Diana Pereira3 · Anna Schenker1 · Maria U. Kottwitz1 Received: 25 March 2020 / Revised: 24 August 2020 / Accepted: 30 August 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Purpose Accidents are more likely to occur during the morning hours of Mondays (Monday effect). This might be due to a higher level of cognitive failure on Monday morning at work. Methods In a pilot actigraphy study across one working week, we explored this Monday effect and regressed daily selfreported workplace cognitive failure on weekdays (Monday versus other days), background social stressors at work, delayed sleep onset and sleep duration. Diary data were gathered from 40 full-time employees. Results Confirming our assumptions, results revealed work-related cognitive failure and sleep-onset latency on the previous night to be higher on Mondays compared to other workdays. Work-related cognitive failure correlated positively with delayed sleep-onset latency and background social stressors. In multilevel regression analysis, Monday significantly explained variations in workplace cognitive failure. The addition of background social stressors at work and sleep-onset latency to the regression model showed unique contributions to the prediction of workplace cognitive failure. No significant two-way or three-way interactions between working days, sleep-onset latency or sleep duration, and background social stressors were found. Conclusion Peak levels of cognitive failure on Monday morning and the association of cognitive failure with social stressors at work contribute to understanding the mechanisms involved in the increased prevalence of occupational accidents on Monday morning. Occupational safety interventions should address both social stressors at work and individual sleep hygiene. Keywords Work stress · Sleep · Diary · Cognitive failure · Safety at work
1 Introduction
* Achim Elfering [email protected] Christin Gerhardt [email protected] Diana Pereira [email protected] Anna Schenker [email protected] Maria U. Kottwitz [email protected] 1
Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
2
National Centre of Competence in Research, Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, CISA, Geneva, Switzerland
3
Berner Fachhochschule, Institut Soziale Organisationen, Hallerstrasse 10, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
Safety at work varies across weekdays, and Mondays often show peaks in work accident rates. Wigglesworth [1] analysed data from 750,000 compensation claims on occupational injuries in Queensland, Australia between 1968 and 1988 and found what he called a Monday effect peak in accidents in men and women, i.e. accident rates are decreasing on all other days of the week, with Friday rates being a third lower than Monday rates. This is also reflected in more recent data [2, 3]. In Switzerland, the accident rates reported by the Swiss work accident
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