The Optimal Design and Analysis of Piezoelectric Cantilever Beams for Power Generation Devices
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The Optimal Design and Analysis of Piezoelectric Cantilever Beams for Power Generation Devices Dongna Shen, Jyoti Ajitsaria1, Song-Yul Choe1, and Dong-Joo Kim Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University 1 Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University Auburn, AL 36849, U.S.A e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT With the rapid development of wireless remote sensor systems, battery is becoming the limiting factor in the lifetime of the device and miniaturization. As a way to eliminate battery in the system, the conversion of ambient vibration energy has been addressed. The piezoelectric cantilever beam with a proof mass was exploited for energy conversion since it can generate large strain and power density. The design of cantilever beams was optimized through numerical analysis and FEM simulation at higher acceleration condition. The investigated parameters influencing the output energy of piezoelectric bimorph cantilevers include dimensions of cantilever beam and proof mass. The resonant frequency and robustness of cantilever structure were also considered for enhancing power conversion efficiency and implementing devices at high acceleration condition. The power density generated by the optimized piezoelectric device was high enough (> 1200 μW/cm3) to operate microsensor systems. However, high stress near clamping area of cantilever beam could lead to the fracture at high acceleration condition. INTRODUCTION Since wireless sensor has many advantages over traditional sensor, such as convenient, low cost and energy consumption, more effective and accuracy, it has attracted many interests [1, 2]. To promote the functions of wireless sensor, practical alternatives to the fixed-energy supplier, battery must be developed to prolong lifetime, to miniaturize and to lower cost. Autonomous power supply has been suggested as a practical solution [3]. Since the estimated average energy consumption for wireless sensor is about 100µW/cm3, vibration is a promising source readily found in inaccessible locations for scavenging ambient environment energy [4, 5]. Piezoelectric material is excellent transducer to convert vibration energy to electrical energy due to its advantages including potential miniaturization with simple structure, high coupling coefficient for energy conversion, and mass manufacturability. Among available piezoelectric materials, lead zirconate titanate (PZT) is known to exhibit higher coupling and piezoelectric coefficients over other conventional materials like quartz, ZnO and AlN, which makes PZT the first choice for energy conversion study [6-8]. Cantilever beam structure with a proof mass has been focused for efficient energy conversion due to large strain and thereby high power density. In this study, PZT cantilever beam structure with a proof mass was investigated to generate electrical power from the vibration. Designs of parameters including dimensions of cantilever beam and proof mass were analyzed and simulated to achieve high power density without fracture of cantil
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