The Pedagogy of Standardized Testing The Radical Impacts of Educatio

Based on a large-scale international study of teachers in Los Angeles, Chicago, Ontario, and New York, this book illustrates the ways increased use of high-stakes standardized testing is fundamentally changing education in the US and Canada with a negativ

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The Pedagogy of Standardized Testing The Radical Impacts of Educational Standardization in the US and Canada Arlo Kempf

THE PEDAGOGY OF STANDARDIZED TESTING

Copyright © Arlo Kempf 2016 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2016 978-1-137-48664-6 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission. In accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. First published 2016 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN The author has asserted their right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of Nature America, Inc., One New York Plaza, Suite 4500, New York, NY 10004-1562. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. ISBN: 978-1-349-57713-2 E-PDF ISBN: 978–1–137–48665–3 DOI: 10.1057/9781137486653 Distribution in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world is by Palgrave Macmillan®, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Kempf, Arlo, author. Title: The pedagogy of standardized testing : the radical impacts of educational standardization in the US and Canada / Arlo Kempf. Description: New York, NY : Palgrave Macmillan, [2015] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2015021047 Subjects: LCSH: Educational tests and measurements—United States. | Educational tests and measurements—Canada. | Education—Standards— United States. | Education—Standards—Canada. Classification: LCC LB3051 .K33 2015 | DDC 371.26—dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015021047 A catalogue record for the book is available from the British Library.

For Meghan McKee, the finest teacher.

Contents

List of Illustrations

ix

Acknowledgments

xi

List of Abbreviations Introduction

xiii 1

1 The School as Factory Farm: All Testing All the Time

13

2 The History, Logic, and Push for Standardized Testing

29

3 Testing at the Tipping Point: HSST as a Governing Education Principle In and Out of the Classroom

51

4

Revising the Pedagogical Form: Test-Oriented Teaching and Learning

71

Not What I Signed up for: The Changing Meaning of Being a Teacher

99

6 A Lack of Accountability: Teacher Perspectives on Equity, Accuracy, and Sta