The Role of Narcissism, Hyper-competitiveness and Maladaptive Coping Strategies on Male Adolescent Regular Gamblers: Two
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The Role of Narcissism, Hyper‑competitiveness and Maladaptive Coping Strategies on Male Adolescent Regular Gamblers: Two Mediation Models Ugo Pace1 · Giulio D’Urso1 · Stefano Ruggieri1 · Adriano Schimmenti1 · Alessia Passanisi1 Accepted: 15 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The present study aimed to explore the unique and common role that some cognitive, personality and relational characteristics play in male adolescents’ regular gambling behavior. Participants were 273 male adolescents and young adults aged 15–19 recruited in sports betting centers. They completed the South Oaks Gambling Screen, the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire, the Hypercompetitive Attitude scale, and The Coping Strategy Indicator. The relationship between narcissistic rivalry and gambling was mediated by hyper-competitiveness and avoidant coping strategy. These findings suggest that narcissistic features and maladaptive coping strategies might be involved in the development of disordered gambling in youth, supporting a compensatory model of this addictive behavior and claiming for preventative actions that take into account the psychological vulnerabilities of adolescents and young adults. Keywords Gambling · Adolescents · Coping strategies · Hyper-competitiveness · Mediation models
Introduction According to the DSM-5 (APA 2013), gambling disorder (GD) is categorized as a nonsubstance-related addictive behavior. To be diagnosed with GD (previously named pathological gambling), people must meet four out of nine criteria delineated in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association 2013). Conversely, the expression “problem gambling” (PG) is frequently used for individuals who experience any damage because of their gambling behaviors (Neale et al. 2005). Most gambling activities are legally restricted to adults in the majority of countries, but adolescent gambling is not infrequent. Worldwide, adolescent gambling involvement rates ranged from 21 to 90% in past years, with an average estimation
* Ugo Pace [email protected] 1
Università Kore Di Enna, Cittadella Universitaria, Via delle Olimpiadi, 94100 Enna, Italy
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Journal of Gambling Studies
above 60% (Volberg et al. 2010). This topic is relevant in Italy, where gambling has greatly increased over past decades to become the largest gambling market in Europe (Povoledo 2013). However, gambling occurs in almost all cultures and across all ages (Griffiths 1995). Men gamble more and have more problems related to gambling during adolescence than women do (Calado et al. 2017), but this “gender gap” in gambling involvement decreases during adulthood. The current generation of adolescents and young adults constitutes a vulnerable age group because they have grown up in a time with widespread gambling opportunities (Gupta and Derevensky 2000). Gambling is a harmless and enjoyable hobby for the majority of youth, but it can
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