The Use of Isolated Heart Models and Anatomical Specimens as Means to Enhance the Design and Testing of Cardiac Devices
In recent years, the use of perfusion-fixed cadaveric specimens and isolated heart models has helped to develop an improved understanding of the device-tissue interface and has also contributed to the rapid evolution of surgically and percutaneously deliv
- PDF / 1,114,962 Bytes
- 14 Pages / 595.28 x 790.87 pts Page_size
- 27 Downloads / 171 Views
41
Michael G. Bateman, Michael D. Eggen, Julianne H. Spencer, Tinen L. Iles, and Paul A. Iaizzo
Abstract
In recent years, the use of perfusion-fixed cadaveric specimens and isolated heart models has helped to develop an improved understanding of the device-tissue interface and has also contributed to the rapid evolution of surgically and percutaneously delivered cardiac therapies. This chapter describes a novel series of techniques utilized within the Visible Heart® laboratory by engineers, scientists, and anatomists to visualize and analyze the heart and assess potential repair or replacement therapies. The study of reanimated large mammalian hearts (including human hearts) and specially prepared anatomical specimens, using various clinical and nonclinical imaging modalities, has provided feedback for design engineers and clinicians that seek to develop and/or employ cardiac therapies for patients with acquired or congenital heart disease. Keywords
Isolated heart model • Cardiac device design and development • Human cardiac anatomy • Reanimated heart
41.1
Introduction
A detailed and comprehensive understanding of human cardiac anatomy remains a crucial component of cardiovascular medical practice, research, and cardiac device design and development [1, 2]. The successful deployment and performance of a particular cardiac device is continually impacted by the ability of the device to conform and adapt to the changing anatomical landscape of the heart, as well as to anatomical variations that may exist in a given patient. In other words, successful device design and development
M.G. Bateman, PhD (*) • M.D. Eggen, PhD • J.H. Spencer, PhD Medtronic, Inc., 8200 Coral Sea Street NE, Mounds View, MN 55112, USA e-mail: [email protected] T.L. Iles, BS • P.A. Iaizzo, PhD Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
requires a well-developed understanding of the relevant cardiovascular anatomies (in relation to both vascular approaches and within the heart itself) at every stage of the process [3–5]. The study of fixed and reanimated human hearts, using the various methodologies described here, has provided for novel insights as to the details of human cardiac anatomy. For almost two decades, the Visible Heart® methodologies have provided a unique perspective on functional cardiac anatomy. By reanimating human hearts not deemed viable for transplant, we have been able to visualize the beating heart using a variety of imaging modalities, including: (1) endoscopes placed directly within the various heart chambers and/or within the large diameter vessels, (2) echocardiography, (3) fluoroscopy, (4) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), (5) infrared thermography, and/or (6) high-speed cameras. This database of images and videos exemplifies the large degree of variability that exists in human cardiac anatomy (from both a static and functional perspective) [6]. Additionally, such imaging techniques allow for visualization of the anatomical changes that occur as a result of various
© Sprin
Data Loading...
