The Use of Speckle Correlation Analysis to Determine Blood Flow Velocity
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The Use of Speckle Correlation Analysis to Determine Blood Flow Velocity E. A. Savchenkoa, * and E. N. Velichkoa a St.
Petersburg Polytechnic University of Peter the Great, St. Petersburg, 195251 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received December 10, 2019; revised March 4, 2020; accepted March 28, 2020
Currently, optical methods based on the registration of speckle dynamics are widely used in modern diagnostics of the microvasculature. The results of the development of a laboratory model of a small-sized non-contact speckle sensor of the microvasculature and the experimental procedure are presented. A speckle sensor model for determining the blood flow velocity in the microvasculature is given, on the basis of which a prototype sensor can be created. The results of preliminary experimental studies of the possibility of blood microcirculation monitoring in the microvasculature using speckle correlation analysis are presented. A group of conditionally healthy volunteers aged 18 to 24 years was analyzed during the experiments. The obtained results correlate with the results presented in the literature on the value of the determined blood flow velocity. Problems and prospects of speckle correlation monitoring of the microvasculature in laboratory and clinical conditions are discussed. Keywords: speckle, speckle correlation analysis, blood flow velocity, microvasculature DOI: 10.1134/S0030400X2007019X
INTRODUCTION Capillaries are responsible for maintaining homeostasis in the organism, providing an exchange of oxygen, nutrients and metabolic products between tissues and the bloodstream [1]. The total capacity of the capillary bed is 25–30 L [2]. When a person is at rest, only a quarter of capillary loops are involved, while during physical exertion almost all capillaries are involved [2]. The rate of blood flow slows down in capillaries due to the large capacity of the capillary bed. The value of the velocity for capillary blood flow lies in the range 0.1– 5 mm/s, and in large vessels the velocity is 80– 130 mm/s [2]. Slow speed of microcirculatory blood flow provides a thorough exchange of metabolites between blood and tissues [2]. Currently, the search for new methods for the diagnosis of the human microvasculature, allowing to detect the smallest changes in the early stages, is an urgent issue of modern medicine [1–3]. Microcirculation parameters change with intravascular (violations of the rheological properties of blood and impaired coagulation) and extravascular (the effect of damage to the surrounding connective tissue, impaired lymph outflow) deviations [1]. Changes in the microvasculature characteristics underlie many diseases, for example, diabetes mellitus, chronic venous insufficiency, diseases of the cardiovascular system [1–4]. The development of optical methods, such as laser Doppler fluometry [5], capillaroscopy, speckle colo-
rimetry [6], intravial microscopy, and optical coherence tomography [7] allowed the examination of a lot of people in a short time and monitor the state of micr
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