Thermostatistics with an invariant infrared cutoff
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Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Thermostatistics with an invariant infrared cutoff M. Roushana , K. Nozarib Department of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar P. O. Box 47416-95447, Iran
Received: 21 April 2020 / Accepted: 19 August 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Quantum gravitational effects may affect the large scale dynamics of the universe. Phenomenologically, quantum gravitational effect at large distances can be encoded in an extended uncertainty principle that admits a minimal measurable momentum/energy or a maximal length. This maximal length can be considered as the size of the cosmological horizon today. In this paper we study thermostatistics of an expanding universe as a gaseous system and in the presence of an invariant infrared cutoff. We also compare the thermostatistics of different eras of the evolution of the universe in two classes, Fermions and Bosons.
1 Introduction Usually it is believed that quantum gravitational effects can be observed at small length scale or equivalently high energy regime [1–6]. However, there are some evidences against this perception. In fact, in recent years some efforts are devoted to explore the role of quantum gravity at cosmological scales and specially on the late time cosmological dynamics. In Ref. [7] the authors explored the asymptotic regimes of quantum gravity at large distances. The idea of revealing quantum gravitational effects at large distances via extended uncertainty principle was firstly reported in [8]. Page in Ref. [9] has argued the existence of huge quantum gravity effects in the Solar System. Late time cosmological dynamics with an infrared cutoff is treated in different perspectives recently in Refs. [10]. Very recently, Anagnostopoulos et al. via a paper (that has achieved honorable mention award in gravity research foundation awards) have argued that IR quantum gravity solves naturally cosmic acceleration and the coincidence problem [11]. Their novel idea was that the accelerated expansion of the universe can be ascribed to infrared quantum gravity modifications at astrophysical scales. a e-mail:
[email protected] (corresponding author)
b e-mail:
[email protected]
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In Ref. [12] the authors studied the modification in thermodynamic properties of ideal gases and photon gas in high energy limit. Such modifications are authoritative at short distances. Black hole thermodynamics has been another attractive scope of current researches, where modification of thermodynamic properties of Schwarzschild and Reissner– Nordström has been investigated in this framework [13]. Now, we will exhibit that, If quantum gravitational effects are important at large distances, where it seems to be actually the case, then thermodynamics of a gaseous system in this low energy limit is important to be studied. This is, along with the thermodynamic quantities considerations, the main motivation of the present study. For this purpose, we apply the distribution function strategy and accord
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