Thyroid peroxidase in human endometrium and placenta: a potential target for anti-TPO antibodies
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Thyroid peroxidase in human endometrium and placenta: a potential target for anti‑TPO antibodies Reyhane Rahnama1 · Ahmad‑Reza Mahmoudi2 · Somayeh Kazemnejad3 · Mansour Salehi4 · Ataollah Ghahiri5 · Haleh Soltanghoraee6 · Sedigheh Vafaei7 · Abbas Rezaei1 · Amir Hassan Zarnani7,8,9 Received: 25 January 2020 / Accepted: 12 September 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Autoimmune thyroid disease is the most common endocrine disorder during pregnancy. Thyroid autoantibodies (TAs) have been suggested to serve a role in implantation failure and spontaneous abortion. Until now, there are no data on the potential interaction of TAs with human reproductive organs. Here, we set out for the first time to test this hypothesis by studying the expression of thyroid peroxidase (TPO) at gene and protein level in human reproductive organs. Endometrial samples were taken from normal women, and placenta tissues were collected after full-term caesarian section. Expression of TPO messenger RNA (mRNA) was investigated by qRT-PCR. In addition, polyclonal anti-TPO antibodies were produced and the expression of TPO protein in mentioned tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. The reactivity of anti-TPO antibody in human embryos was evaluated by immunofluorescent staining. For the first time, our study showed that TPO is expressed at gene and protein levels in endometrium and placenta. TPO expression was mainly localized to glandular and luminal epithelial cells in the endometrium. In placenta, the syncytiotrophoblasts and invasive trophoblast cells were the main cell types that expressed TPO protein. Specific band of approximately 110 kDa was observed in all endometrial and placental tissues by Western blot analysis. However, no expression of TPO protein was observed in human embryo. TPO expression in endometrium and placenta may explain higher frequency of abortion and infertility in patients with thyroid autoimmunity. Keywords TPO · Endometrium · Embryo · Abortion · Thyroid autoimmunity
Introduction Spontaneous abortion, as a common complication of human pregnancy, affects approximately one-third of all human pregnancies [1]. The known factors associated * Abbas Rezaei [email protected] * Amir Hassan Zarnani [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2
Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3
Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
4
Department of Genetic, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
with spontaneous abortion include anatomical abnormalities, thrombophilia, hormonal imbalance, chromosomal or genetic abnormalities, infections, and autoimmunity [2, 3]. As one of the most prevalent autoimmune diseases, thyroid autoimmunity has been suggested to serve a role 5
Department o
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