Timing Pattern of Onset in Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients
The temporal pattern of onset of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has been evaluated in previous reports, but there are few published data on this pattern in Chongqing, China. The purpose of this study is to explore the temporal pattern of diur
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Abstract The temporal pattern of onset of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has been evaluated in previous reports, but there are few published data on this pattern in Chongqing, China. The purpose of this study is to explore the temporal pattern of diurnal, weekly and monthly variations in the onset of hypertensive ICH from a hospital-based population. The study retrospectively reviewed 230 residents who suffered from hypertensive ICH between January 2008 and August 2009 in our hospital. The temporal pattern was investigated by hours, days and months. Chi-square test for goodness of fit was used for statistical analysis. Significant differences of the onset time of hypertensive ICH patients could be seen in diurnal variation (p = 0.000) and in monthly variation (p = 0.000), but could not be found in weekly variation (p = 0.466). There was a bimodal distribution in diurnal variation, and monthly variation showed that the occurrence of hypertensive ICH mainly focuses on the period from December to May. Our study demonstrated the existence of diurnal and monthly variations and no significant weekly variation can be found in the time of onset of hypertensive ICH. Keywords Hypertensive ICH · Temporal pattern · Diurnal · Weekly · Monthly · Onset
Introduction The onset of ICH shows chronobiological variations, including diurnal variation, weekly variation and seasonal variation. In the past decades, time variation in the onset of ICH has been extensively evaluated in many community- and hospital-based studies [1–9]. But the conclusions derived from those studies are not all the same. Hypertension is a recognized factor in the etiology of ICH [9], and blood pressure is the most significant risk factor for ICH [7]. Hypertensive ICH is the most common type of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Proof of a temporal pattern in the occurrence of hypertensive ICH may provide helpful clues to its pathogenesis, rational treatment or swift prevention. As far as we know, little research has been performed in order to evaluate the temporal pattern in the onset of hypertensive ICH patients in Chongqing, China. This study aimed to conduct diurnal, weekly and monthly variations in the onset of hypertensive ICH by using hospitalbased data. It may reveal some regulation of the onset of ICH and help physicians and patients to know the clinical characteristics of this disease.
Materials and Methods
J. Feng and X. Qin (*) Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China e-mail: [email protected] J.H. Zhang Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
A total of 230 available cases were registered during the study period from January 2008 to August 2009 in our hospital. The time of the first known sign or symptom, such as vertigo, vomiting, headache or coma and so on, was defined as the onset time, and it was reported by the patients themselv
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