Tools for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Clinical Practice
- PDF / 610,126 Bytes
- 12 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 89 Downloads / 180 Views
NOVEL + EMERGING RISK FACTORS (K NASIR AND R SANTOS, SECTION EDITORS)
Tools for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Clinical Practice Miguel Cainzos-Achirica 1,2 & Kieran Eissler 2 & Michael J. Blaha 1,2 & Roger S. Blumenthal 2 & Seth S. Martin 1,2
Published online: 17 April 2015 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015
Abstract Precise risk stratification of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease guides best management and therefore is a public health priority. In addition to risk estimation using traditional risk factors, tools such as coronary artery calcium, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, ankle-brachial index and carotid imaging, and clinical features such as family history of premature coronary heart disease may offer opportunities for a more personalized risk assessment. In this review, we discuss the strengths and limitations of each of these tools, focusing on the evidence provided by the latest studies relevant to the field. Among them, coronary artery calcium currently stands out as the most powerful tool for cardiovascular risk assessment, as recognized by the 2013 ACC/AHA Risk Assessment Guideline. Recent studies have expanded our knowledge regarding its value for improving the detection of both low and This article is part of the Topical Collection on Novel and Emerging Risk Factors * Seth S. Martin [email protected] Miguel Cainzos-Achirica [email protected] Kieran Eissler [email protected] Michael J. Blaha [email protected] Roger S. Blumenthal [email protected] 1
2
Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Carnegie 568A, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
high absolute risk within clinically relevant subgroups, as well as for cost-effectively guiding preventive therapy allocation. Keywords Cardiovascular disease . Atherosclerosis . Risk assessment . Absolute cardiovascular risk . Risk management . Prevention . Traditional risk factors . Risk scores . Coronary artery calcium . Family history . Serum biomarkers . High-sensitivity C-reactive protein . Ankle-brachial index . Carotid intima-media thickness . Carotid plaque
Abbreviations ABI Ankle-brachial index ACC/AHA American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association ASCVD Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease CAC Coronary artery calcium CAC=0 Coronary artery calcium score of zero CIMT Carotid intima-media thickness CKD Chronic kidney disease CT Computed tomography CVD Cardiovascular disease hsCRP High-sensitivity C-reactive protein MRI Magnetic resonance imaging PAD Peripheral arterial disease
Introduction—Current Challenges in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of death throughout the world. A large fraction is atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD), including myocardial infarction and stroke. Even in those countries in which the combination of
28 Page 2 of 12
primordial preventive interventions, improved risk fac
Data Loading...
