Toxic effect of some heavy metals on hematology and histopathology of major carp ( Catla catla )
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Toxic effect of some heavy metals on hematology and histopathology of major carp (Catla catla) Saima Naz 1 & Riaz Hussain 2 & Qudrat Ullah 3 & Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha 4 & Ansar Shaheen 1 & Rifat Ullah Khan 5 Received: 12 May 2020 / Accepted: 21 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The current study was conducted to assess the hematological and histopathological changes in major carp (Catla catla) exposed to different concentrations of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd). For this purpose, Catla catla fish, weighing approximately 230– 235 g, were randomly divided into four groups and then exposed to acute doses of Cu (1.25 ppm), Cd (4.5 ppm), and their mixture (2.25 ppm) for 96 h and then 20, 30, and 40% respectively for a period of 30 days. Results showed that red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), lymphocyte, and monocyte decreased significantly, while the total white blood cell count and neutrophil population significantly increased in experimental groups as compared with the control one. Histopathological examination of liver tissues showed karyorrhexis, hepatic cells degeneration, congestion, and hemorrhages. Microscopic analysis of gills’ sections revealed lamellar atrophy, telangiectasia, and necrosis of lamellar epithelial cells. In the kidneys, different histopathological ailments like atrophy of glomeruli, necrosis of renal tubular cells, increased urinary spaces, degeneration of renal tubules, and melanomacrophage aggregates were observed, while in the intestine, atrophy of villi, sloughing of epithelial villi, and congestion were seen after 30 days of exposure. In conclusion, the study indicates that exposure to Cu and Cd for longer period of time causes adverse hematological and histopathological changes in Catla catla fish. Keywords Alterations . Degeneration . Fish . Hematology . Heavy metals . Histopathology
Introduction Heavy metals are natural environmental components and considered potential marine pollutants. Large quantities of these heavy metals are accumulated as a result of landResponsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues * Rifat Ullah Khan [email protected] 1
Department of Zoology, Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
2
University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
3
Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
4
Department of Entomology, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
5
College of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
based activities in the aquatic ecosystem (Javed et al. 2017; Shah et al. 2020). Nowadays, heavy metal residues have become a matter of serious concern because of their continuous increase in air and aquatic environment (Abah et al. 2016; Javed and Usmani 2019). Moreover, due to the
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