Toxicity and Electrochemical Detection of Lead, Cadmium and Nitrite Ions by Organic Conducting Polymers: A Review
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REVIEW
Toxicity and Electrochemical Detection of Lead, Cadmium and Nitrite Ions by Organic Conducting Polymers: A Review Mohamed Lamine Sall1 · Balla Fall1 · Ismaila Diédhiou1 · El Hadji Dièye1 · Momath Lo1 · Abdou Karim Diagne Diaw1 · Diariatou Gningue‑Sall1 · Noureddine Raouafi2 · Modou Fall1 Received: 14 April 2020 / Accepted: 23 June 2020 © The Tunisian Chemical Society and Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Water pollution by heavy metals and nitrite ions is a public health concern around the world because they can degrade the quality of drinking water and cause serious diseases. Lead and cadmium are probably the most dangerous heavy metals. Indeed, lead contamination can affect fertility and pregnancy, cause infantile diseases and other mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. Exposure to cadmium can cause death in mammals, and nitrite ions are also very harmful. For all these reasons, it is necessary to find effective techniques to quantify the levels of these pollutants. Recently, there is great hope in the use of organic conducting polymers in the field of heavy metals detection. In this review, we presented studies of the toxicity of several heavy metals and nitrite ions and on their impact on the environment and human health. Also, the recent developments in the use of OCPs and their application in the detection of heavy metals and nitrite ions have been examined. Keywords Heavy metals · Nitrite · Organic conducting polymers · Detection · Electroanalysis Abbreviations ABS Benzenesulfonic acid AES Atomic emission spectroscopy AP Aminophenyl ATT 5-Amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol AuNP Gold nanoparticles AuNP Gold nanoparticles AuNPs Gold nanoparticles BIA Batch injection analysis Fbg Fibrinogen BiFE Bismuth films electrodes BMP 1-Butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium ChA Chronoamperometry CG Carboxyl graphene CNFs Carbon nanofibers CNTs Carbon nanotubes * Modou Fall [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Organic Physical Chemistry and Environmental Analyses, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
Sensors and Biosensors Group, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Lab (LR99ES15), University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
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Co-NS Cobalt nanostructures CPE Carbon pencil electrode CQDs Carbon quantum dots CS Chitosan CV Cyclic voltammetry DAN Diaminonaphthalene DPASV Differential pulse-anodic stripping voltammetry DPV Differential pulse voltammetry EMIM 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium f-MWCNT Functionalized MWCNT FMWCNTs Acid functionalized MWCNTs FAAS Flame-atomic absorption spectrometry GO Graphene oxide GCE Glassy carbon electrodes IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer ICP Inductively induced plasma ITO Indium-doped tin oxide LOD(s) Limit(s) of detection LSV Linear sweep voltammetry MAS Molecular absorption spectrometry MES 2-Mercaptoethanesulfonate MS Mass spectrometry MWNT(s) Multi-walled nanotube(s)
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NA Nafion nHAp Nano-sized hydroxyapatite OCPs Organi
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