Tracking cerebral white matter changes across the lifespan: insights from diffusion tensor imaging studies
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PSYCHIATRY AND PRECLINICAL PSYCHIATRIC STUDIES - REVIEW ARTICLE
Tracking cerebral white matter changes across the lifespan: insights from diffusion tensor imaging studies Qian Jun Yap • Irvin Teh • Paolo Fusar-Poli Min Yi Sum • Carissa Kuswanto • Kang Sim
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Received: 11 August 2012 / Accepted: 4 January 2013 Ó Springer-Verlag Wien 2013
Abstract Delineating the normal development of brain white matter (WM) over the human lifespan is crucial to improved understanding of underlying WM pathology in neuropsychiatric and neurological conditions. We review the extant literature concerning diffusion tensor imaging studies of brain WM development in healthy individuals available until October 2012, summarise trends of normal development of human brain WM and suggest possible future research directions. Temporally, brain WM maturation follows a curvilinear pattern with an increase in fractional anisotropy (FA) from newborn to adolescence, decelerating in adulthood till a plateau around mid-adulthood, and a more rapid decrease of FA from old age onwards. Spatially, brain WM tracts develop from central to peripheral regions, with evidence of anterior-to-posterior maturation in commissural and projection fibres. The corpus callosum and fornix develop first and decline earlier, whilst fronto-temporal WM tracts like cingulum and uncinate fasciculus have protracted maturation and decline later. Prefrontal WM is most vulnerable with greater agerelated FA reduction compared with posterior WM. Future
Q. J. Yap School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore I. Teh A*STAR-NUS Clinical Imaging Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore P. Fusar-Poli Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK M. Y. Sum C. Kuswanto K. Sim (&) Institute of Mental Health/Woodbridge Hospital, 10, Buangkok View, Singapore 539747, Singapore e-mail: [email protected]
large scale studies adopting longitudinal design will better clarify human brain WM changes over time. Keywords Brain white matter Diffusion tensor imaging Lifespan Longitudinal Fractional anisotropy Abbreviations AD Axial diffusivity ADC Apparent diffusion coefficient AF Arcuate fasciculus ALIC Anterior limb of internal capsule ATR Anterior thalamic radiation CC Corpus callosum CG Cingulum bundles cl Linear component cp Planar component CR Corona radiata cs Spherical component CST Corticospinal tract DTI Diffusion tensor imaging DWI Diffusion-weighted imaging e1 Eigenvector EC External capsule FA Fractional anisotropy Fmaj Forceps major Fmin Forceps minor FX Fornix GCC Genu of corpus callosum GM Grey matter IC Internal capsule IFG Inferior frontal gyrus IFOF Inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus ILF Inferior longitudinal fasciculus MD Mean diffusivity MRI Magnetic resonance imaging
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OR PLIC RA RD RF ROI SCC SFG SFOF SLF SNR ST TBSS UF U-fibres VBM VR WM
Optic radiation Posterior limb of internal capsule Relative anisotropy Radial diffusivity Radiofrequency Region-of-inter
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