Transforming pods of the species Capparis flexuosa into effective biosorbent to remove blue methylene and bright blue in
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Transforming pods of the species Capparis flexuosa into effective biosorbent to remove blue methylene and bright blue in discontinuous and continuous systems Yamil L. de O. Salomón 1 & Jordana Georgin 2 & Dison S. P. Franco 3 & Matias S. Netto 3 & Edson L. Foletto 3 & Daniel G. A. Piccilli 1 & Lotfi Sellaoui 4 & Guilherme L. Dotto 3 Received: 10 September 2020 / Accepted: 9 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study investigates, for the first time, the applicability of seed pods from Capparis flexuosa as an alternative biosorbent to remove methylene blue and bright blue from aqueous medium using continuous and batch systems. The biosorbent was characterized by different techniques, whose particles presented rough surface and large pores and functional groups existing on its surface. In the batch system, an adsorptive capacity of 96.40 mg g−1 and 80% of methylene blue removal was reached with 0.9 g L−1 of adsorbent at pH 10, whereas 109.7 mg g−1 and 83% of bright blue removal was observed using 0.8 g L−1 of adsorbent at pH 2.0. The Elovich model adjusted the experimental data satisfactorily for both dyes. Tóth model for the MB best described the equilibrium data, and the Langmuir model for the bright blue both favored by the increase of temperature and dyes’ concentration. The maximum capacities obtained were 280.78 mg g−1 and 342.85 mg g−1 for methylene blue and bright blue, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters indicated spontaneous processes, with endothermic behavior for both dyes. The fixed adsorption experiments using Capparis flexuosa seed pods showed adsorptive capacities of 158.65 and 205.81 mg g−1 for the methylene blue and bright blue, respectively. The overall results indicated that the pods of the Capparis flexuosa could be an ecological, effective, and economical alternative in the removal of dyes for both continuous and batch systems. Keywords Biosorbent . Capparis flexuosa . Methylene blue . Bright blue . Thermodynamics
Introduction Dyes are colored compounds especially used in leather, textiles, and food industries. These industries generate amounts Responsible editor: Tito Roberto Cadaval Jr Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11211-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Guilherme L. Dotto [email protected] 1
Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
2
Graduate Program in Civil Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
3
Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
4
Laboratory of Quantum and Statistical Physics, LR18ES18, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia
of effluents containing dyes that are not fixed on textile fibers or food during washing and coloring (Elwakeel et al. 2016). The discharge of
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