Treatment of reclaimed municipal solid waste incinerator sands using alkaline treatments with mechanical agitation
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Treatment of reclaimed municipal solid waste incinerator sands using alkaline treatments with mechanical agitation G. Mathews1 · F. Moazeni1 · R. Smolinski1 Received: 12 December 2019 / Accepted: 7 May 2020 © Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Solid waste production is rapidly increasing, and municipal solid waste incinerator plants provide a practical and sustainable solution to significantly reduce the volume of waste. Incinerator ash is a byproduct of the combustion process, and lightweight sands can be reclaimed from the ash for use in cementitious materials once treated for hydrogen gas production. This work investigates treatment methods for reclaimed sands for use in concrete. A novel method based on a propriety patent to capture the amount of hydrogen gas production from reclaimed sands is presented using a steel pressure chamber, pressure transducer, and data acquisition system. The setup is maintained under a constant temperature, pressure, and agitation using an environmental incubator. Treatment methods using sodium hydroxide, reused sodium hydroxide, alumina, and alumina + sodium hydroxide are investigated. It is found that sodium hydroxide is an effective treatment solution for reclaimed sands, with the ability to reuse the solution multiple times. Alumina is found not to be an effective treatment method when used alone. Concrete is made using treated reclaimed sands, where it is shown through scanning electron microscopy imaging that large voids in the cement matrix due to hydrogen gas production are significantly reduced in size. Keywords MSWI ash · Hydrogen gas production · Concrete · Waste treatment · Recycling
Introduction Solid waste management has become a critical environmental issue worldwide [1]. Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator (MSWI) plants provide a practical and sustainable method to significantly reduce the volume of solid waste through combustion [2]. Incinerator ash is produced as a byproduct of the combustion process, and has been used as aggregates in several construction materials including: (a) subbase [3, 4] (b) concrete masonry units (CMU) [5, 6], and (c) concrete [7, 9]. Typically, bottom ash as opposed to fly ash is used in these applications, due to the heavy metal and salt concentrations in fly ash. As discussed in Mathews et al. [9], the majority of incinerator ash reuse applications have been for Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-020-01053-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * G. Mathews [email protected] 1
Penn State Harrisburg, 777 West Harrisburg Pike Olmsted‑W236B, Middletown, PA 17057, USA
materials where cement hydration is low or non-existent (i.e. subbase and CMU). This is due to a hydrogen gas expansion that occurs from the reaction of metallic aluminum due to the presence of the porous silicate, which traps aluminum in its pores. The trapped aluminum will later be released during concrete hydration in pres
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